Chlormequat ke amolaoli oa kholo ea limelaeo tshebediso ya yona dijalong tsa koro e ntseng e eketseha Amerika Leboya.Lithuto tsa Toxicology li bonts'itse hore ho pepesetsoa chlormequat ho ka fokotsa kemolo le ho baka kotsi ho lesea le ntseng le hola ka litekanyetso tse ka tlase ho tekanyo e lumelletsoeng ea letsatsi le letsatsi e theiloeng ke ba boholong.Mona, re tlaleha boteng ba chlormequat lisampoleng tsa moroto tse bokelletsoeng ho tsoa ho baahi ba US, ka litefiso tsa ho fumanoa tsa 69%, 74%, le 90% lisampole tse bokelletsoeng ka 2017, 2018-2022, le 2023, ka ho latellana.Ho tloha 2017 ho isa 2022, likhakanyo tse tlase tsa chlormequat li ile tsa bonoa lisampole, mme ho tloha ka 2023, likhakanyo tsa chlormequat lisampoleng li ile tsa eketseha haholo.Hape re hlokometse hore chlormequat e fumanoa khafetsa lihlahisoa tsa oat.Liphetho tsena le lintlha tsa chefo bakeng sa chlormequat li phahamisa matšoenyeho mabapi le maemo a hajoale a ho pepeseha 'me li kopa tlhahlobo e batsi ea chefo, tlhahlobo ea lijo, le lithuto tsa mafu a seoa ho lekola phello ea ho pepeseha ha chlormequat bophelong ba batho.
Phuputso ena e tlaleha ho fumanoa ha chlormequat ka lekhetlo la pele, e leng agrochemical e nang le chefo ea tsoelo-pele le ea ho ikatisa, ho baahi ba US le phepelong ea lijo ea US.Le ha maemo a ts'oanang a lik'hemik'hale a fumanoe lisampoleng tsa moroto ho tloha 2017 ho isa 2022, maemo a phahameng haholo a fumanoe sampoleng ea 2023.Mosebetsi ona o totobatsa tlhoko ea ho lekola chlormequat ka ho pharaletseng lijong le lisampong tsa batho United States, hammoho le toxicology le toxicology.Lithuto tsa Epidemiological tsa chlormequat, kaha k'hemik'hale ena ke tšilafalo e hlahang e nang le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle ka litekanyetso tse tlase lithutong tsa liphoofolo.
Chlormequat ke k'hemik'hale ea temo e qalileng ho ngolisoa United States ka 1962 e le molaoli oa kholo ea limela.Leha hajoale e lumelletsoe ho sebelisoa limela tsa mekhabiso United States feela, qeto ea 2018 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e lumelletse ho tlisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa lijo (haholo-holo lijo-thollo) tse tšoaroang ka chlormequat [1].EU, UK le Canada, chlormequat e amohetsoe hore e sebelisoe lijalong tsa lijo, haholo koro, oats le harese.Chlormequat e ka fokotsa bophahamo ba kutu, ka hona ea fokotsa monyetla oa hore lijalo li sothe, 'me kotulo e be thata.UK le EU, chlormequat hangata ke masala a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana a bonoang ka ho fetesisa lijo-thollong le lijo-thollo, joalo ka ha ho ngotsoe lithutong tsa nako e telele tsa ho beha leihlo [2, 3].
Leha chlormequat e amohetsoe hore e sebelisoe lijalong libakeng tse ling tsa Europe le Amerika Leboea, e bonts'a thepa ea chefo e ipapisitseng le lithuto tsa liteko tsa liphoofolo tsa nalane le tse sa tsoa hatisoa.Litlamorao tsa ho pepeseha ha chlormequat ho chefo ea pelehi le kemolo li hlalositsoe ka lekhetlo la pele mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980 ke lihoai tsa likolobe tsa Denmark tse ileng tsa bona ho fokotseha ha tšebetso ea pelehi likolobeng tse ruiloeng lijong tse hloekisitsoeng ka chlormequat .Maikutlo ana hamorao a ile a hlahlojoa litekong tse laoloang tsa laboratori ea likolobe le litoeba, moo likolobe tse tšehali li neng li fepa lijo-thollo tse entsoeng ka chlormequat li bonts'itse litšitiso ka lipotoloho tsa estrous le ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo ha li bapisoa le liphoofolo tse laolang ho fepa lijo ntle le chlormequat.Ho feta moo, litoeba tse tona tse pepeselitsoeng chlormequat ka lijo kapa metsi a nooang nakong ea nts'etsopele li bontšitse bokhoni bo fokolang ba ho nontša peō ea botona ka in vitro.Lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa chefo ea ho ba le bana tsa chlormequat li bonts'itse hore ho pepesetsoa likhoto ho chlormequat ka linako tse mahlonoko tsa nts'etsopele, ho kenyeletsoa boimana le bophelo ba bongoaneng, ho bakile ho lieha ho kena bonneng kapa bosaling, ho fokotseha ha sperm motility, ho fokotseha ha boima ba 'mele oa monna, le ho fokotseha ha maemo a testosterone.Lithuto tsa nts'etsopele ea chefo li boetse li bontša hore ho pepesehela chlormequat nakong ea bokhachane ho ka baka kholo ea lesea le ho se tloaelehe ha metabolism.Liphuputso tse ling ha li fumane phello ea chlormequat tšebetsong ea ho ikatisa ho litoeba tse tšehali le likolobe tse tona, 'me ha ho liphuputso tse ileng tsa latela tse fumaneng phello ea chlormequat ho tsoaleng ha litoeba tse tona tse pepeselitsoeng chlormequat nakong ea nts'etsopele le bophelo ba kamora' pelehi.Lintlha tse lekanang tsa chlormequat libukeng tsa toxicological li ka 'na tsa bakoa ke ho se tšoane ha litekanyetso le litekanyo tsa liteko, hammoho le khetho ea lintho tse phelang tsa mohlala le thobalano ea liphoofolo tsa liteko.Ka hona, lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala.
Leha lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa toxicological li bonts'itse litlamorao tsa chlormequat ho nts'etsopele, ho ikatisa le tsamaiso ea endocrine, mekhoa eo litlamorao tsena tsa chefo e hlahang ka eona ha e tsejoe.Liphuputso tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore chlormequat e ka 'na ea se ke ea sebetsa ka mekhoa e hlalositsoeng hantle ea lik'hemik'hale tse senyang tsamaiso ea endocrine, ho akarelletsa le li-estrogen kapa li-androgen receptors,' me ha e fetole tšebetso ea aromatase.Bopaki bo bong bo fana ka maikutlo a hore chlormequat e ka baka litlamorao ka ho fetola steroid biosynthesis le ho baka khatello ea maikutlo ea endoplasmic reticulum.
Leha chlormequat e fumaneha hohle lijong tse tloaelehileng tsa Europe, palo ea lithuto tsa biomonitoring tse hlahlobang ho pepeseha ha motho ho chlormequat e nyane haholo.Chlormequat e na le halofo ea halofo ea bophelo 'meleng, hoo e ka bang lihora tse 2-3,' me lithutong tse amang baithaopi ba batho, litekanyetso tse ngata tsa liteko li ile tsa tlosoa 'meleng nakong ea lihora tse 24.Ka kakaretso lisampole tsa baahi ba UK le Sweden, chlormequat e ile ea bonoa morotong oa hoo e ka bang 100% ea barupeluoa ba thuto e phahameng haholo ho feta chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e kang chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, thiabendazole le mancozeb metabolites.Liphuputso tsa likolobe li bontšitse hore chlormequat e ka boela ea fumanoa serum 'me e ka fetisetsoa lebeseng, empa matrices ana ha a e-s'o ithutoe ho batho kapa mefuta e meng ea liteko ea liphoofolo, le hoja boteng ba eona ho serum le lebese bo ka amahanngoa le kotsi ea ho ikatisa lik'hemik'hale..Ho na le liphello tsa bohlokoa tsa ho pepeseha nakong ea bokhachane le ho masea .
Ka Mmesa 2018, Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho sa US se phatlalalitse maemo a amohelehang a mamello a lijo bakeng sa chlormequat ho oats e tsoang kantle ho naha, koro, harese le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa liphoofolo, e lumellang chlormequat hore e romelloe phepelong ea lijo ea Amerika.Likahare tse lumelletsoeng tsa oat li ile tsa eketseha ka mor'a moo ka 2020. Ho bonts'a phello ea liqeto tsena mabapi le ho hlaha le ho ata ha chlormequat ho baahi ba batho ba baholo ba US, phuputso ena ea liteko e ile ea lekanya palo ea chlormequat morotong oa batho ba tsoang libakeng tse tharo tsa US ho tloha ka 2017. ho fihlela ka 2023 hape ka 2022. le chlormequat content ea oat le lihlahisoa tsa koro tse rekiloeng United States ka 2023.
Mehlala e bokelletsoeng libakeng tse tharo tsa tikoloho lipakeng tsa 2017 le 2023 e ile ea sebelisoa ho lekanya maemo a moroto a chlormequat ho baahi ba US.Likarolo tse mashome a mabeli a motso o mong li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa ho bakhachane ba sa tsejoeng ba ileng ba lumela nakong ea pelehi ho ea ka 2017 Institutional Review Board (IRB) -protocol e amohelehang ho tsoa Univesithing ea Bongaka ea South Carolina (MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA).Mehlala e ne e bolokoa ho 4 ° C ho fihlela lihora tse 4, ebe e qotsitsoe ebe e hoamisoa ho -80 ° C.Lisampole tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano tsa moroto oa batho ba baholo li ile tsa rekoa ho Lee Biosolutions, Inc (Maryland Heights, MO, USA) ka Pulungoana 2022, e emelang sampole e le 'ngoe e bokelletsoeng ho tloha ka Mphalane 2017 ho fihlela Loetse 2022, mme e ile ea bokelloa ho tsoa ho baithaopi (banna ba 13 le basali ba 12).) ka kalimo ho pokello ea Maryland Heights, Missouri.Mehlala e ne e bolokoa mocheso oa -20 ° C hang ka mor'a ho bokella.Ho feta moo, lisampole tse 50 tsa moroto tse bokelletsoeng ho tsoa ho baithaopi ba Florida (banna ba 25, basali ba 25) ka Phuptjane 2023 li ile tsa rekoa ho BioIVT, LLC (Westbury, NY, USA).Mehlala e ne e bolokoa ho 4°C ho fihlela disampole tsohle li bokelloa, ebe lia qotsoa le ho hoamisoa ho -20°C.Khamphani e fanang ka thepa e fumane tumello e hlokahalang ea IRB ho sebetsana le lisampole tsa batho le tumello ea ho bokella lisampole.Ha ho lintlha tsa botho tse fanoeng ho lisampole tse lekiloeng.Mehlala eohle e ile ea romeloa e hoamisitsoe ho ea hlahlojoa.Lintlha tse qaqileng tsa mohlala li ka fumanoa ho Letlapa la Boitsebiso ba Tšehetso S1.
Quantification ea chlormequat ka lisampole tsa moroto oa motho e ile ea khethoa ke LC-MS/MS ho HSE Research Laboratory (Buxton, UK) ho latela mokhoa o hatisitsoeng ke Lindh et al.E fetotsoe hanyenyane ka 2011.Ka bokhutšoanyane, lisampole li ile tsa lokisoa ka ho kopanya 200 μl ea moroto o sa sefioang le 1.8 ml ea 0.01 M ammonium acetate e nang le maemo a kahare.Joale sampole e ile ea ntšoa ho sebelisoa kholumo ea HCX-Q, e kentsoeng pele ka methanol, ebe ka 0.01 M ammonium acetate, e hlatsuoa ka 0.01 M ammonium acetate, 'me ea hlatsuoa ka 1% formic acid ka methanol.Joale lisampole li ile tsa laeloa kholumong ea C18 LC (Synergi 4 µ Hydro-RP 150 × 2 mm; Phenomenex, UK) 'me ea aroloa ho sebelisoa karolo ea mobile ea isocratic e nang le 0.1% formic acid: methanol 80:20 ka sekhahla sa phallo 0.2.ml/min.Liphetoho tsa karabelo tse khethiloeng ke mass spectrometry li hlalositsoe ke Lindh et al.2011. Moeli oa ho lemoha e ne e le 0.1 μg / L joalokaha ho tlalehiloe lithutong tse ling.
Metsoako ea chlormequat ea urinary e hlahisoa e le μmol chlormequat/mol creatinine ebe e fetoloa ho μg chlormequat/g creatinine joalokaha ho tlalehiloe lithutong tse fetileng ( ikatisa ka 1.08).
Anresco Laboratories, LLC e ile ea leka lisampole tsa lijo tsa oats (25 e tloaelehileng le 8 organic) le koro (9 e tloaelehileng) bakeng sa chlormequat (San Francisco, CA, USA).Mehlala e ile ea hlahlojoa ka liphetoho ho latela mekhoa e hatisitsoeng [19].LOD/LOQ bakeng sa disampole tsa oat ka 2022 le lisampole tsohle tsa koro le oat ka 2023 li ile tsa beoa ho 10/100 ppb le 3/40 ppb, ka ho latellana.Lintlha tse qaqileng tsa mohlala li ka fumanoa ho Letlapa la Boitsebiso ba Tšehetso S2.
Likarolo tsa chlormequat tsa urinary li ne li hlophisoa ka sebaka sa sebaka le selemo sa pokello, ntle le lisampole tse peli tse bokelletsoeng ka 2017 ho tsoa Maryland Heights, Missouri, tse neng li kopantsoe le lisampole tse ling tsa 2017 tse tsoang Charleston, Carolina Boroa.Mehlala e ka tlase ho moeli oa ho lemoha ha chlormequat e ne e nkoa e le ho fumanoa ha liphesente tse arotsoeng ke square root ea 2. Boitsebiso bo ne bo sa ka ba ajoa ka tloaelo, kahoo tlhahlobo ea Kruskal-Wallis ea nonparametric le tlhahlobo ea Dunn ea ho bapisa ka makhetlo a mangata e sebelisitsoe ho bapisa li-medians pakeng tsa lihlopha.Lipalo tsohle li entsoe ka GraphPad Prism (Boston, MA).
Chlormequat e fumanwe ho disampole tse 77 ho tse 96 tsa moroto, tse emelang 80% ya disampole tsohle tsa moroto.Ha ho bapisoa 2017 le 2018-2022, 2023 disampole li ile tsa fumanoa khafetsa: 16 ho 23 sampuli (kapa 69%) le 17 ho 23 sampuli (kapa 74%), ka ho latellana, le 45 ho 50 sampuli (ke hore 90%). .) li ile tsa lekoa (Letlapa la 1).Pele ho 2023, likhakanyo tsa chlormequat tse fumanoeng lihlopheng tsena tse peli li ne li lekana, athe likhakanyo tsa chlormequat tse fumanoeng lisampoleng tsa 2023 li ne li phahame haholo ho feta lisampole tsa lilemo tse fetileng (Setšoantšo sa 1A, B).Mekhahlelo ea mahloriso e bonoang bakeng sa 2017, 2018-2022, le 2023 lisampole e ne e le 0.22 ho 5.4, 0.11 ho 4.3, le 0.27 ho 52.8 micrograms tsa chlormequat ka gram ea creatinine, ka ho latellana.Maemo a mahareng bakeng sa disampole tsohle ka 2017, 2018–2022, le 2023 ke 0.46, 0.30, le 1.4, ka ho latellana .Lintlha tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pepeseha ho ka tsoela pele ha ho fanoa ka halofo ea bophelo bo khuts'oane ba chlormequat 'meleng, ka maemo a tlase a ho pepeseha lipakeng tsa 2017 le 2022 le maemo a phahameng a pepenene ka 2023.
Motsoako oa chlormequat bakeng sa sampole e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea moroto e hlahisoa e le ntlha e le 'ngoe e nang le mekoallo e kaholimo ho metsu le liphoso tse emelang +/- phoso e tloaelehileng.Metsoako ea chlormequat ea moroto e hlahisoa ka mcg ea chlormequat ka gram ea creatinine ka sekala sa mola le sekala sa logarithmic.Tlhahlobo ea Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis ea phapang le tlhahlobo ea Dunn ea ho bapisa hangata e sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba bohlokoa ba lipalo .
Mehlala ea lijo e rekiloeng United States ka 2022 le 2023 e bonts'itse maemo a bonoang a chlormequat ho tsohle ntle le tse peli tsa lihlahisoa tsa setso tsa oat tse 25, tse nang le likhakanyo ho tloha ho tse sa bonahaleng ho isa ho 291 μg/kg, tse bonts'ang chlormequat ho oats.Ho ata ha batho ba sa jeng nama ho phahame.Mehlala e ileng ea bokelloa ka 2022 le 2023 e bile le maemo a tšoanang a karolelano: 90 µg/kg le 114 µg/kg, ka ho latellana.Ke sampole e le 'ngoe feela ea lihlahisoa tse robeli tsa oat e nang le chlormequat e bonoang ea 17 µg/kg.Re boetse re hlokometse likhahla tse tlase tsa chlormequat lihlahisoa tse peli ho tse robong tsa koro tse lekiloeng: 3.5 le 12.6 μg/kg, ka ho latellana.
Ena ke tlaleho ea pele ea tekanyo ea chlormequat ea urinary ho batho ba baholo ba lulang United States le ho baahi ba kantle ho United Kingdom le Sweden.Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana har'a bacha ba fetang 1,000 ba Sweden e tlalehile sekhahla sa ho lemoha 100% bakeng sa chlormequat ho tloha 2000 ho isa 2017. Kakaretso ea mahloriso ka 2017 e ne e le 0.86 micrograms ea chlormequat ka gram ea creatinine 'me e bonahala e fokotsehile ka nako e telele, ka nako e tloaelehileng. ho ba 2.77 ka 2009.UK, biomonitoring e fumane palo e phahameng haholo ea chlormequat ea 15.1 micrograms ea chlormequat ka gram ea creatinine pakeng tsa 2011 le 2012, leha lisampole tsena li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa ho batho ba lulang libakeng tsa temo.ho ne ho se phapang pepeneneng.Ketsahalo ea spray[15].Boithuto ba rona ba sampole ea US ho tloha 2017 ho isa 2022 e fumane maemo a tlase a mahareng ha a bapisoa le lithuto tsa pele tsa Europe, athe maemong a 2023 sampole ea median a ne a bapisoa le sampole ea Sweden empa a le tlase ho feta sampole ea UK.
Phapang ena ea ho pepeseha lipakeng tsa libaka le nako e ka bonts'a phapang ea litloaelo tsa temo le boemo ba taolo ea chlormequat, e qetellang e susumetsa maemo a chlormequat lihlahisoa tsa lijo.Mohlala, likhakanyo tsa chlormequat lisampoleng tsa moroto li ne li phahame haholo ka 2023 ha li bapisoa le lilemo tse fetileng, tse ka bonts'ang liphetoho tse amanang le liketso tsa taolo ea EPA tse amanang le chlormequat (ho kenyeletsoa le meeli ea lijo tsa chlormequat ka 2018).Phepelo ea lijo tsa US haufinyane.Phahamisa litekanyetso tsa tšebeliso ea oat ka 2020. Liketso tsena li lumella ho kenngoa le ho rekisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa temo tse tšoaroang ka chlormequat, mohlala, ho tsoa Canada.Sekhahla lipakeng tsa liphetoho tsa taolo ea EPA le likhakanyo tse phahameng tsa chlormequat tse fumanoeng lisampoleng tsa moroto ka 2023 li ka hlalosoa ke maemo a 'maloa, joalo ka tieho ea ho amoheloa ha mekhoa ea temo e sebelisang chlormequat, tieho ea lik'hamphani tsa US lipuisanong tsa litumellano tsa khoebo, le batho ka bomong.ba na le tieho ea ho reka habore ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha lihlahisoa tsa khale le/kapa ka lebaka la ho phela nako e telele ha lihlahisoa tsa habore.
Ho fumana hore na maemo a hlokometsoeng lisampoleng tsa moroto oa US a bontša monyetla oa ho pepesetsoa chlormequat lijong, re lekile chlormequat ka har'a oat le lihlahisoa tsa koro tse rekiloeng US ka 2022 le 2023. Lihlahisoa tsa Oat li na le chlormequat hangata ho feta lihlahisoa tsa koro, le palo ea chlormequat ho lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa oat lia fapana, ka karolelano ea boemo ba 104 ppb, mohlomong ka lebaka la phepelo e tsoang United States le Canada, e ka bonts'ang phapang ea tšebeliso kapa ho se sebelisoe.pakeng tsa lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka li-oats tse tšoaroang ka chlormequat.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisampole tsa lijo tsa UK, chlormequat e ngata haholo ka lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka koro tse kang bohobe, 'me chlormequat e fumanoa ho 90% ea lisampole tse bokelitsoeng UK pakeng tsa July le September 2022. Kakaretso ea mahloriso ke 60 ppb.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, chlormequat e boetse e fumanoe ho 82% ea lisampole tsa oat UK ka karolelano ea 1650 ppb, makhetlo a fetang 15 ho feta lisampole tsa US, e leng se ka hlalosang boemo bo phahameng ba moroto bo bonoang lisampong tsa UK.
Liphetho tsa rona tsa biomonitoring li bonts'a hore ho pepesetsoa chlormequat ho etsahetse pele ho 2018, leha mamello ea lijo ho chlormequat ha e so thehoe.Leha chlormequat e sa laoloe lijong tsa United States, 'me ha ho na data ea nalane mabapi le likhakanyo tsa chlormequat lijong tse rekisoang United States, ho latela halofo ea bophelo ea chlormequat, re belaela hore ho pepeseha hona e kanna ea ba lijo.Ho feta moo, li-precursors tsa choline lihlahisoa tsa koro le li-powders tsa mahe ka tlhaho li etsa chlormequat ka mocheso o phahameng, joalo ka tse sebelisoang ho lokisa lijo le ho etsa tlhahiso, e leng se etsang hore chlormequat e be teng ho tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 40 ng / g.Liphetho tsa rona tsa tlhahlobo ea lijo li bonts'a hore lisampole tse ling, ho kenyeletsoa sehlahisoa sa organic oat, se na le chlormequat ka maemo a ts'oanang le a tlalehiloeng lithutong tsa chlormequat ea tlhaho, athe lisampole tse ling tse ngata li na le maemo a holimo a chlormequat.Kahoo, maemo ao re a boneng morotong ho fihlela ka 2023 a kanna a bakoa ke ho pepeseha ha lijo ho chlormequat e hlahisitsoeng nakong ea ho lokisa le ho etsa lijo.Maemo a shebiloeng ka 2023 a kanna a bakoa ke ho pepeseha ha lijo ho chlormequat e hlahisoang ka boithaopo le lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha tse tšoaroang ka chlormequat temong.Phapang ea ho pepeseha ha chlormequat har'a lisampole tsa rona e kanna ea bakoa ke sebaka sa sebaka, mekhoa e fapaneng ea lijo, kapa ho pepeseha ha chlormequat mosebetsing ha e sebelisoa matlong a limela le matlong a bana.
Boithuto ba rona bo fana ka maikutlo a hore saese e kholoanyane ea sampole le sampole e fapaneng ea lijo tse phekotsoeng ka chlormequat lia hlokahala ho lekola ka botlalo mehloli ea lijo e ka bang teng ea chlormequat ho batho ba nang le ts'oaetso e tlase.Lithuto tsa nako e tlang tse kenyelletsang tlhahlobo ea moroto oa nalane le lisampole tsa lijo, lipotso tsa lijo le tsa mosebetsi, tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea chlormequat lijong tse tloaelehileng le tsa tlhaho United States, le disampole tsa biomonitoring li tla thusa ho hlakisa lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa ho pepeseha ha chlormequat ho baahi ba US.
Monyetla oa ho eketseha ha maemo a chlormequat ka har'a moroto le lisampole tsa lijo United States lilemong tse tlang e ntse e tla khethoa.United States, chlormequat hajoale e lumelloa feela lihlahisoa tsa oat le koro tse tsoang kantle ho naha, empa Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho hajoale se ntse se nahana ka ts'ebeliso ea sona ea temo lijalong tse seng tsa manyolo.Haeba ts'ebeliso e joalo ea malapeng e amoheloa hammoho le tloaelo e atileng ea temo ea chlormequat kantle ho naha le ka har'a naha, maemo a chlormequat ka oats, koro le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lijo-thollo a ka tsoela pele ho phahama, e leng se lebisang maemong a phahameng a ho pepeseha ha chlormequat.Kakaretso ea baahi ba US.
Maemo a hajoale a chlormequat morotong liphuputsong tsena le tse ling a bonts'a hore bafani ba sampole ka bomong ba ile ba pepesetsoa chlormequat maemong ao ka bobeli a neng a le ka tlase ho tekanyo e phatlalalitsoeng ea US Environmental Protection Agency (RfD) (0.05 mg/kg boima ba 'mele ka letsatsi), kahoo lia amoheleha. .Ho noa letsatsi le leng le le leng ke litaelo tse 'maloa tsa boholo bo ka tlaase ho tekanyo ea ho noa e hatisitsoeng ke European Food Safety Authority (ADI) (0.04 mg/kg boima ba' mele / letsatsi).Leha ho le joalo, rea hlokomela hore liphuputso tse phatlalalitsoeng tsa toxicology tsa chlormequat li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe menyako ena ea polokeho hape.Mohlala, litoeba le likolobe tse pepesehetseng litekanyetso tse ka tlase ho RfD ea hajoale le ADI (0.024 le 0.0023 mg/kg boima ba 'mele/letsatsi, ka ho latellana) li bonts'itse tsoalo e fokotsehileng.Phuputsong e 'ngoe ea toxicology, ho pepeseha nakong ea bokhachane ho litekanyetso tse lekanang le boemo ba phello e mpe e sa bonoeng (NOAEL) ea 5 mg/kg (e sebelisoang ho bala tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea Setsi sa Tšireletso ea Tikoloho ea US) e bakile liphetoho tsa kholo ea lesea le metabolism, hape. joalo ka liphetoho sebopehong sa 'mele.Neonatal litoeba .Ntle le moo, menyako ea taolo ha e nahane ka litlamorao tse mpe tsa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale tse ka amang tsamaiso ea ho ikatisa, e bonts'itsoeng hore e na le litlamorao tse tlatselletsang kapa tsa synergistic ka litekanyetso tse tlase ho feta ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale ka bomong, ho baka mathata a ka bang teng ka bophelo bo botle ba ho ba le bana.bophelo bo botle.Matšoenyeho ka litlamorao tse amanang le maemo a hajoale a ho pepeseha, haholo-holo ho ba nang le maemo a holimo ho baahi ba Europe le US.
Boithuto bona ba liteko tsa ho pepeseha ha lik'hemik'hale tse ncha United States bo bonts'a hore chlormequat e teng lijong tsa US, haholo lihlahisoa tsa oat, hammoho le boholo ba lisampole tsa moroto tse bokelletsoeng ho tsoa ho batho ba ka bang 100 ba US, e bonts'ang ho pepesehela chlormequat e tsoelang pele.Ho feta moo, mekhoa ea lintlha tsena e fana ka maikutlo a hore maemo a ho pepeseha a eketsehile mme a ka 'na a tsoela pele ho eketseha nakong e tlang.Ka lebaka la matšoenyeho a toxicological a amanang le ho pepeseha ha chlormequat lithutong tsa liphoofolo, le ho pepeseha ha batho ka kakaretso ho chlormequat linaheng tsa Europe ('me hona joale e ka etsahala United States), hammoho le lithuto tsa mafu le liphoofolo, ho na le tlhoko e potlakileng ea ho beha leihlo chlormequat ka har'a naha. lijo le batho Chlormequat.Ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa bophelo bo botle ba k'hemik'hale ena ea temo maemong a bohlokoa a tikoloho, haholo nakong ea bokhachane.
Nako ea poso: Jun-04-2024