Ha re nka 2014 e le mohlala, thekiso ea lefats'e ea li-herbicides tsa aryloxyphenoxypropionate e ne e le US $ 1.217 bilione, e leng karolo ea 4.6% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa li-herbicide tsa US $ 26.440 le 1.9% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa US $ 63.212 limilione tse likete.Le hoja e se ntle joaloka meriana e bolaeang limela tse kang amino acid le sulfonylureas, e boetse e na le sebaka 'marakeng oa meriana ea litlama (e boemong ba botšelela thekisong ea lefatše lohle).
Meriana ea Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho laola lehola la joang.E ile ea sibolloa lilemong tsa bo-1960 ha Hoechst (Jeremane) a ne a nkela sehlopha sa phenyl sebakeng sa 2,4-D ka diphenyl ether 'me a hlahisa moloko oa pele oa aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides."Grass Ling".Ka 1971, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea hore sebopeho sa lesale la motsoali se na le A le B. Libolaea-lehola tse ileng tsa latela tsa mofuta ona li ile tsa fetoloa ho ipapisitsoe le eona, ho fetola reng ea A benzene ka lehlakoreng le leng hore e be selikalikoe sa heterocyclic kapa se kopantsoeng, le ho hlahisa lihlopha tse sebetsang tse kang F. liathomo ka selikalikoe, ho fella ka letoto la lihlahisoa tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng., libolaea-lehola tse khethang haholoanyane.
Sebopeho sa herbicide ea APP
Histori ea tsoelo-pele ea propionic acid herbicides
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides haholo-holo ke li-inhibitors tse sebetsang tsa acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), ka tsela eo li thibela ho qaptjoa ha mafura acid, e leng se bakang motsoako oa oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid le waxy layers le lits'ebetso tsa cuticle lia thibeloa, e leng se fellang ka ho thijoa ka potlako. ho timetsoa ha lera la semela, ho eketseha ha ho phunyeha, 'me qetellong ho shoa ha semela.
Litšobotsi tsa eona tsa ts'ebetso e phahameng, chefo e tlase, khetho e phahameng, polokeho ea lijalo le ho senyeha ha bonolo ho khothalelitse haholo nts'etsopele ea meriana e bolaeang limela.
Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea li-herbicides tsa AAP ke hore li sebetsa ka mahlo, tse khetholloang ke li-isomers tse fapaneng tlas'a sebopeho se tšoanang sa lik'hemik'hale,' me li-isomers tse fapaneng li na le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea ho bolaea limela.Har'a tsona, R (-) -isomer e ka thibela ka katleho mosebetsi oa enzyme e lebisitsoeng, ea thibela ho thehoa ha auxin le gibberellin ka mofoka, 'me e bontša mosebetsi o motle oa herbicide, ha S (+) -isomer e hlile e sa sebetse.Phapang ea katleho lipakeng tsa tse peli ke makhetlo a 8-12.
Likokoana-hloko tsa APP tsa khoebo hangata li fetoloa hore e be li-ester, ho etsa hore li monye habonolo ke lehola;Leha ho le joalo, li-ester hangata li na le ho qhibiliha ho fokolang le ho ba le adsorption e matla, kahoo ha ho bonolo ho tsoa 'me li kenngoa habonolo mofokeng.mobung.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl ke phenoxypropionate herbicide e entsoeng ke ciba-Geigy ka 1981. Lebitso la eona la khoebo ke Topic mme lebitso la eona la lik'hemik'hale ke (R) -2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy) propargyl propionate.
Propargyl ke sebolayalehola sa aryloxyphenoxypropionate se nang le fluorine.E sebediswa bakeng sa kalafo ya ka mora ho mela ha kutu le makgasi ho laola lehola la gramineous ka koro, rye, triticale le masimo a mang a dijo-thollo, haholoholo bakeng sa wheatgrass le wheatgrass.Ho sebetsa hantle ho laola lehola le thata joalo ka oats.E sebedisetswa ho phekola ka mora ho mela ha kutu le makgasi ho laola lehola la jwang la selemo le selemo, jwalo ka habore, jwang ba black oat grass, foxtail grass, field grass, le wheatgrass.Tekanyetso ke 30 ~ 60g/hm2.Mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ts'ebeliso ke: ho tloha mokhahlelong oa makhasi a 2 a koro ho isa mothating oa ho kopanya, sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana lehola boemong ba makhasi a 2-8.Mariha, sebelisa ligrama tse 20-30 tsa Maiji (15% clofenacetate phofo e metsi) ka acre.30-40g ea phofshoana e metsi haholo (15% clodinafop-propargyl), eketsa 15-30kg ea metsi 'me u fafatse ka ho lekana.
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso le litšobotsi tsa clodinafop-propargyl ke acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors le systemic conductive herbicides.Setlhare se kenngoa ka makhasi le makhasi a makhasi a semela, se tsamaisoang ka phloem, 'me se bokelloa ka har'a meristem ea semela, e thibelang acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Coenzyme A carboxylase e emisa motsoako oa acid e mafura, e thibela kholo e tloaelehileng ea lisele le karohano, 'me e senya meaho e nang le lipid joalo ka li-membrane system, e qetellang e lebisa lefung la semela.Nako ea ho tloha ho clodinafop-propargyl ho isa lefung la mofoka e batla e lieha, hangata e nka beke e le 1 ho isa ho tse 3.
Metsoako ea mantlha ea clodinafop-propargyl ke 8%, 15%, 20%, le 30% emulsion ea metsi, 15% le 24% ea li-microemulsions, 15% le 20% ea phofo e metsi, le 8% le 14% ho emisoa ha oli e qhalakahang.24% ea tranelate.
Synthesis
(R) -2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid e qala ho hlahisoa ke karabelo ea α-chloropropionic acid le hydroquinone, ebe e etherified ka ho eketsa 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine ntle le karohano.Tlas'a maemo a itseng, e sebetsana le chloropropyne ho fumana clodinafop-propargyl.Ka mor'a crystallization, lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa li fihla ho 97% ho 98%, 'me lihlahisoa tsohle li fihla ho 85%.
Boemo ba kantle ho naha
Lintlha tsa moetlo li bonts'a hore ka selemo sa 2019, naha ea heso e rometse kakaretso ea lidolara tse limilione tse 35.77 (lipalo tse sa felletseng, ho kenyeletsoa litokisetso le lithethefatsi tsa tekheniki).Har'a bona, naha ea pele ea ho reka kantle ho naha ke Kazakhstan, e kenyang haholo litokisetso, e nang le chelete ea liranta tse limilione tse 8.6515, e lateloa ke Russia, ka litokisetso Ho na le tlhokahalo ea meriana le lisebelisoa tse tala, tse nang le chelete ea ho kenya chelete ea liranta tse limilione tse 3.6481.Sebaka sa boraro ke Netherlands, e nang le theko ea thepa e tsoang ho US $ 3.582 milione.Ho feta moo, Canada, India, Israel, Sudan le linaha tse ling le tsona ke tsona libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho romela thepa ea clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl ke sebolayalehola se ikgethang ka raese se hlahisitsweng le ho hlahiswa ke Dow AgroSciences naheng ya United States ka 1987. Hape ke sona feela sebolayalehola sa aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid se bolokehileng haholo bakeng sa reisi.Ka 1998, Dow AgroSciences ea United States e bile eona ea pele ea ho ngolisa tekheniki ea cyhalofop naheng ea heso.Patent e ile ea fela ka 2006, 'me ngoliso ea malapeng e ile ea qala ka ho latellana.Ka 2007, khoebo ea lapeng (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) e ngolisitse lekhetlo la pele.
Lebitso la khoebo la Dow ke Clincher, 'me lebitso la eona la lik'hemik'hale ke (R) -2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Dow AgroSciences' Qianjin (motsoako o sebetsang: 10% cyhalomefen EC) le Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), tse seng li tumme 'marakeng oa Chaena, li sebetsa hantle haholo ebile li bolokehile.E lula 'marakeng oa mantlha oa meriana e bolaeang limela naheng ea heso.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, e tšoanang le tse ling tsa aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides, ke mafura a acid synthesis inhibitor mme e thibela acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Haholo-holo e monngoa ke makhasi 'me ha e na ts'ebetso ea mobu.Cyhalofop-ethyl ke ea tsamaiso 'me e kenngoa ka potlako ka lisele tsa limela.Ka mor'a phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale, mofoka oa joang o khaotsa ho hōla hang-hang, mosehla o hlaha matsatsing a 2 ho isa ho a 7, 'me semela sohle se fetoha necrotic' me se shoa nakong ea libeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3.
Cyhalofop e sebelisoa ka mor'a ho hlaha ho laola lehola la gramineous masimong a raese.Tekanyetso ea reisi ea tropike ke 75-100g/hm2, 'me tekanyo ea raese e itekanetseng ke 180-310g/hm2.E sebetsa haholo khahlano le Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, joang bo bonyenyane, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, joalo-joalo.
Nka tšebeliso ea 15% ea cyhalofop-ethyl EC e le mohlala.Boemong ba makhasi a 1.5-2.5 a barnyardgrass masimong a lipeo tsa raese le mohato oa makhasi a 2-3 a stephanotis masimong a raese e nang le peo e otlolohileng, kutu le makhasi a fafatsoa le ho fafatsoa ka ho lekana ka moholi o motle.Hlakola metsi pele u sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e le hore ho feta 2/3 ea likutu tsa mofoka le makhasi a pepesehetse metsing.Nosetsa nakong ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho lihora tse 72 ka mor'a tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, 'me u boloke sebaka sa metsi sa 3-5 cm ka matsatsi a 5-7.Sebelisa ho feta hang ka nako ea ho lema raese.Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore moriana ona o chefo haholo ho li-arthropods tsa metsing, kahoo qoba ho phalla libakeng tsa aquaculture.Ha e kopantsoe le litlama tse ling tsa mahlaku a sephara, e ka bonts'a litlamorao tse hanyetsanang, tse bakang phokotso ea katleho ea cyhalofop.
Mefuta ea eona ea mantlha ea litekanyetso ke: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%). , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), ho emisoa ha oli ea cyhalofop (10%, 20%, 30% , 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible oli ho emisoa (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);metsoako e kopanyang e kenyelletsa oxafop-propyl le penoxsufen Compound ea amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, joalo-joalo.
Nako ea poso: Jan-24-2024