Ha re nka mohlala oa 2014, thekiso ea lefats'e ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana ea aryloxyphenoxypropionate e ne e le US$1.217 bilione, e leng se etsang 4.6% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana oa US$26.440 bilione le 1.9% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana oa US$63.212 bilione. Leha e se ntle joalo ka meriana e bolaeang likokonyana e kang li-amino acid le sulfonylureas, e boetse e na le sebaka 'marakeng oa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana (e maemong a botšelela thekisong ea lefats'e).
Libolaya-lehola tsa Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa taolo ea mofoka oa joang. E ile ea fumanoa lilemong tsa bo-1960 ha Hoechst (Jeremane) a nkela sehlopha sa phenyl sebakeng sa sebopeho sa 2,4-D sebaka ka diphenyl ether mme a nts'etsapele moloko oa pele oa libolaya-lehola tsa aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid. "Grass Ling". Ka 1971, ho ile ha fumanoa hore sebopeho sa lesale la motsoali se na le A le B. Libolaya-lehola tse latelang tsa mofuta ona li ile tsa fetoloa ho latela eona, tsa fetola lesale la A benzene ka lehlakoreng le leng hore e be lesale la heterocyclic kapa le kopaneng, 'me tsa kenya lihlopha tse sebetsang tse kang liathomo tsa F ka lesale, e leng se ileng sa fella ka letoto la lihlahisoa tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng. , libolaya-lehola tse khethiloeng haholoanyane.
Sebopeho sa sebolaya-mofetše sa APP
Nalane ea nts'etsopele ea li-herbicides tsa propionic acid
Mokhoa oa ketso
Libolaya-lehola tsa Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid ke tsona tse thibelang haholo-holo acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), ka hona li thibela ho hlophisoa ha mafura a acid, e leng se fellang ka ho hlophisoa ha oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, le likarolo tse kang boka le lits'ebetso tsa cuticle lia thibeloa, e leng se fellang ka timetso e potlakileng ea sebopeho sa lera la semela, keketseho ea ho kenella ha metsi, 'me qetellong lefu la semela.
Litšobotsi tsa eona tsa bokhoni bo phahameng, chefo e tlase, khetho e phahameng, polokeho bakeng sa lijalo le ho senyeha habonolo li khothalelitse haholo nts'etsopele ea meriana e bolaeang limela e khethiloeng.
Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea meriana ea litlama ea AAP ke hore e sebetsa ka mokhoa oa optically, e khetholloang ke li-isomer tse fapaneng tlas'a sebopeho se tšoanang sa lik'hemik'hale, 'me li-isomer tse fapaneng li na le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea ho bolaea litlama. Har'a tsona, R(-)-isomer e ka thibela ka katleho ts'ebetso ea enzyme e reriloeng, ea thibela ho thehoa ha auxin le gibberellin mofokeng, 'me ea bontša ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho bolaea litlama, ha S(+)-isomer ha e le hantle e sa sebetse. Phapang ea katleho lipakeng tsa tse peli ke makhetlo a 8-12.
Hangata meriana e bolaeang dikokwana-hloko ya APP ya kgwebo e sebetswa ho ba di-ester, e leng se etsang hore di monyehe habonolo ke mofoka; leha ho le jwalo, hangata di-ester di na le ho qhibiliha ho fokolang le ho monyeha ho matla, kahoo ha ho bonolo ho di dutla mme di monyeha habonolo mobung.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl ke sebolaya-mofuta sa phenoxypropionate se hlahisitsweng ke ciba-Geigy ka 1981. Lebitso la yona la kgwebo ke Topic mme lebitso la yona la dikhemikhale ke (R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro). -2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
Propargyl ke sebolaya-mafu se nang le fluorine, se sebetsang ka mahlasedi a aryloxyphenoxypropionate. E sebediswa bakeng sa kalafo ya kutu le mahlasedi kamora ho mela ho laola mofoka o nang le gramine masimong a koro, rye, triticale le a mang a dijo-thollo, haholo-holo bakeng sa jwang ba koro le jwang ba koro. E sebetsa hantle ho laoleng mofoka o thata jwalo ka di-oats tse hlaha. E sebediswa bakeng sa kalafo ya kutu le mahlasedi kamora ho mela ho laola mofoka wa jwang wa selemo le selemo, jwalo ka di-oats tse hlaha, jwang ba black oat, jwang ba foxtail, jwang ba tshimo le jwang ba koro. Tekanyo ke 30~60g/hm2. Mokgwa o ikgethang wa tshebediso ke: ho tloha mohatong wa mahlasedi a mabedi a koro ho isa mohatong wa ho kopanya, tshela sebolaya-mafu mofokeng mohatong wa mahlasedi a 2-8. Mariha, sebedisa digrama tse 20-30 tsa Maiji (15% phofo ya clofenacetate wettable) ka hektare. 30-40g ya extremely (15% phofo ya clodinafop-propargyl wettable), eketsa 15-30kg ya metsi mme o fafatse ka ho lekana.
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso le litšobotsi tsa clodinafop-propargyl ke li-inhibitor tsa acetyl-CoA carboxylase le li-herbicides tse tsamaisang metsoako ea 'mele. Moriana o monngoa ka makhasi le likhetla tsa makhasi a semela, o tsamaisoa ka phloem, 'me o bokelloa ka har'a meristem ea semela, o thibela acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor. Coenzyme A carboxylase e emisa tlhahiso ea mafura a acid, e thibela kholo le karohano e tloaelehileng ea lisele, 'me e senya meaho e nang le lipid joalo ka litsamaiso tsa lera, qetellong e lebisang lefung la semela. Nako ho tloha clodinafop-propargyl ho isa lefung la mofoka e lieha haholo, hangata e nka libeke tse 1 ho isa ho tse 3.
Mefuta e meholo ea clodinafop-propargyl ke 8%, 15%, 20%, le 30% ea li-emulsion tse metsi, 15% le 24% ea li-microemulsion, 15% le 20% ea phofo e metsi, le 8% le 14% ea li-suspension tsa oli tse qhalakanngoang. 24% ea tranelate.
Ho kopanya
(R)-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid e qala ho hlahisoa ke karabelo ea α-chloropropionic acid le hydroquinone, ebe e etsoa ether ka ho eketsa 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine ntle le karohano. Tlas'a maemo a itseng, e arabela le chloropropyne ho fumana clodinafop-propargyl. Kamora ho etsa kristale, dikahare tsa sehlahisoa li fihla ho 97% ho isa ho 98%, mme chai yohle e fihla ho 85%.
Boemo ba kantle ho naha
Lintlha tsa lekhetho li bontša hore ka 2019, naha ea heso e rometse kantle ho naha kakaretso ea lidolara tsa Amerika tse limilione tse 35.77 (lipalopalo tse sa fellang, ho kenyeletsoa le litokisetso le meriana ea botekgeniki). Har'a tsona, naha ea pele e rekang kantle ho naha ke Kazakhstan, e rekang kantle ho naha haholo-holo litokisetso, ka chelete ea lidolara tsa Amerika tse limilione tse 8.6515, e lateloa ke Russia, ka litokisetso Ho na le tlhoko ea meriana le thepa e tala, ka palo ea lidolara tsa Amerika tse limilione tse 3.6481. Sebaka sa boraro ke Netherlands, ka palo ea lidolara tsa Amerika tse limilione tse 3.582. Ho phaella moo, Canada, India, Iseraele, Sudan le linaha tse ling le tsona ke libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ho romela kantle ho naha tsa clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl ke sebolaya-mofuta se ikgethang ka raese se hlahisitsweng le ho hlahiswa ke Dow AgroSciences United States ka 1987. Hape ke sona feela sebolaya-mofuta se ikgethang sa aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid se bolokehileng haholo bakeng sa raese. Ka 1998, Dow AgroSciences ya United States e bile ya pele ho ngolisa cyhalofop ya botekgeniki naheng ya heso. Patent e ile ya fela ka 2006, mme ngodiso ya malapeng ya qala ka ho latellana. Ka 2007, kgwebo ya malapeng (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) e ngodisitswe ka lekgetlo la pele.
Lebitso la kgwebo la Dow ke Clincher, mme lebitso la yona la dikhemikhale ke (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Dow AgroSciences' Qianjin (motsoako o sebetsang: 10% cyhalomefen EC) le Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), tse seng li tumme 'marakeng oa Chaena, li sebetsa hantle haholo ebile li bolokehile. E lula 'marakeng o moholo oa libolaya-lehola tsa masimo a raese naheng ea heso.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, e tšoanang le meriana e meng ea aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid, ke thibelo ea tlhahiso ea mafura 'me e thibela acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). E monngoa haholo-holo ka makhasi 'me ha e na ts'ebetso ea mobu. Cyhalofop-ethyl e na le 'mele' me e monngoa ka potlako ka lisele tsa limela. Kamora kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale, mofoka oa joang o khaotsa ho mela hang-hang, ho ba mosehla ho etsahala matsatsing a 2 ho isa ho a 7, 'me semela sohle sea bola 'me sea shoa ka mor'a libeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3.
Cyhalofop e sebediswa kamora ho mela ho laola mofoka o nang le dimela masimong a raese. Tekanyo ya raese ya tropike ke 75-100g/hm2, mme tekanyo ya raese e futhumetseng ke 180-310g/hm2. E sebetsa hantle haholo kgahlanong le Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Small chaff grass, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, jj.
Nka tšebeliso ea cyhalofop-ethyl EC ea 15% mohlala. Mokhahlelong oa makhasi a 1.5-2.5 oa joang ba barnyard masimong a lipeo tsa raese le mohatong oa makhasi a 2-3 oa stephanotis masimong a raese a peoang ka ho toba, likutu le makhasi lia fafatsoa 'me li fafatsoa ka ho lekana ka moholi o mosesaane. Hlakola metsi pele u sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e le hore likutu le makhasi a mofoka a fetang 2/3 a pepesehetse metsi. Nosetsa nakong ea lihora tse 24 ho isa ho lihora tse 72 kamora ts'ebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, 'me u boloke lera la metsi la 3-5 cm matsatsi a 5-7. U se ke ua sebelisa ho feta hanngoe ka nako ea ho lema raese. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore moriana ona o chefo haholo ho li-arthropod tsa metsing, kahoo qoba ho phallela libakeng tsa temo ea metsing. Ha o kopantsoe le meriana e meng ea litlama e nang le makhasi a pharaletseng, o ka 'na oa bontša litlamorao tse khahlanong le oona, e leng se fellang ka phokotso ea katleho ea cyhalofop.
Mefuta ea eona e ka sehloohong ea tekanyo ke: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), phofo e metsi ea cyhalofop-methyl (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop oli suspension (10%, 20%, 30% , 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl disaspersible oil suspension (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%); metsoako e kopanyang e kenyelletsa oxafop-propyl le penoxsufen Compound of amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, jj.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-24-2024