Moea o hloekileng, metsi le mobu o phetseng hantle ke tsa bohlokoa mosebetsing oa litsamaiso tsa tikoloho tse sebelisanang libakeng tse 'ne tse ka sehloohong tsa Lefatše ho boloka bophelo. Leha ho le joalo, masala a chefo a chefo a chefo a fumaneha hohle litsamaisong tsa tikoloho 'me hangata a fumanoa mobung, metsing (a tiileng le a metsi) le moeeng o potolohileng maemong a fetang litekanyetso tsa US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Masala ana a chefo a feta hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation le biodegradation, e leng se fellang ka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa phetoho tse tloaelehileng joalo ka metsoako ea batsoali ba tsona. Mohlala, 90% ea Maamerika a na le bonyane biomarker e le 'ngoe ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana 'meleng ea bona (e leng motsoako oa motsoali le metabolite). Boteng ba chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana 'meleng bo ka ba le tšusumetso bophelong ba batho, haholo-holo nakong ea mekhahlelo e kotsing ea bophelo joalo ka bongoana, bocha, boimana le botsofali. Lingoliloeng tsa mahlale li bontša hore chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e bile le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle ka nako e telele (mohlala, tšitiso ea endocrine, kankere, mathata a ho ikatisa/tsoalo, chefo ea methapo ea kutlo, tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang, jj.) tikolohong (ho kenyeletsoa liphoofolo tse hlaha, mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang le bophelo bo botle ba batho). Kahoo, ho pepesehela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le li-PD tsa tsona ho ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa le litlamorao tsamaisong ea endocrine.
Setsebi sa EU sa ba sitisang endocrine (morao tjena) Ngaka Theo Colborne o thathamisitse metsoako e fetang 50 e sebetsang ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e le ba sitisang endocrine (ED), ho kenyeletsoa lik'hemik'hale tse fumanehang ka tlung tse kang sesepa, li-disinfectant, polasetiki le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore ho sitisoa ha endocrine ho atile chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana tse ngata tse kang atrazine le 2,4-D, fipronil ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea lapeng, le dioxins tse tsoang tlhahisong (TCDD). Lik'hemik'hale tsena li ka kena 'meleng, tsa sitisa lihormone' me tsa baka nts'etsopele e mpe, maloetse le mathata a ho ikatisa. Sistimi ea endocrine e entsoe ka litšoelesa (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, le pituitary) le lihormone tseo li li hlahisang (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, le adrenaline). Litšoelesa tsena le lihormone tse tsamaellanang le tsona li laola nts'etsopele, kholo, ho ikatisa le boitšoaro ba liphoofolo, ho kenyeletsoa le batho. Mathata a endocrine ke bothata bo sa khaotseng le bo ntseng bo hola bo amang batho lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka lebaka leo, babuelli ba pheha khang ea hore leano lena le lokela ho tiisa melaoana e thata mabapi le tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso mabapi le liphello tsa nako e telele tsa ho pepesehela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
Phuputso ena ke e 'ngoe ea tse ngata tse hlokomelang hore lihlahisoa tsa ho senya chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana li chefo e tšoanang kapa li sebetsa hantle ho feta metsoako ea tsona. Lefatšeng ka bophara, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa taolo ea menoang 'me ke eona feela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e amohetsoeng ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) bakeng sa taolo ea menoang ka har'a lijana tsa metsi a nooang. Leha ho le joalo, hoo e ka bang li-TP Pyrs tsohle tse supileng li na le ts'ebetso ea ho felisa estrogen maling, liphio le sebeteng. Malathion ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e tsebahalang e thibelang ts'ebetso ea acetylcholinesterase (AChE) liseleng tsa methapo. Thibelo ea AChE e lebisa ho bokellaneng ha acetylcholine, neurotransmitter ea lik'hemik'hale e ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea boko le mesifa. Ho bokellana hona ha lik'hemik'hale ho ka lebisa liphellong tse matla joalo ka ho sisinyeha ho sa laoleheng ha mesifa e itseng, ho holofala ha ho hema, ho tsikitlanya, 'me maemong a feteletseng, leha ho le joalo, thibelo ea acetylcholinesterase ha e ikhetha, e lebisang ho phatlalatsoeng ha malathion. Ena ke tšokelo e kholo ho liphoofolo tse hlaha le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Ka bokhutšoanyane, phuputso e bontšitse hore li-TP tse peli tsa malathion li na le litlamorao tse sitisang endocrine ho tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, tlhahiso ea lihormone, le metabolism ea glucocorticoid (k'habohaedreite, protheine, mafura). Ho senyeha ka potlako ha fenoxaprop-ethyl ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho ile ha fella ka ho thehoa ha li-TP tse peli tse chefo haholo tse ileng tsa eketsa tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka makhetlo a 5.8-12 'me tsa ba le phello e kholo mosebetsing oa estrogen. Qetellong, TF e ka sehloohong ea benalaxil e lula tikolohong nako e telele ho feta motsoako oa motsoali, ke mohanyetsi oa estrogen receptor alpha, 'me e ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka makhetlo a 3. Likokoana-hloko tse 'ne thutong ena e ne e se tsona feela lik'hemik'hale tse tšoenyang; tse ling tse ngata le tsona li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse chefo tse senyehileng. Likokoana-hloko tse ngata tse thibetsoeng, metsoako ea khale le e mecha ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale li ntša phosphorus e chefo e silafatsang batho le tikoloho.
Sebolaya-dikokwana-hloko se thibetsoeng sa DDT le metabolite ea sona e ka sehloohong ea DDE li ntse li le tikolohong lilemo tse mashome ka mor'a hore tšebeliso e felisoe, 'me US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e lemoha bongata ba lik'hemik'hale tse fetang maemo a amohelehang. Le hoja DDT le DDE li qhibiliha mafura a 'mele 'me li lula moo ka lilemo tse ngata, DDE e lula 'meleng nako e telele. Phuputso e entsoeng ke Centers for Disease Control (CDC) e fumane hore DDE e tšoaelitse 'mele ea karolo ea 99 lekholong ea barupeluoa ba thuto. Joalo ka ba sitisang endocrine, ho pepesehela DDT ho eketsa likotsi tse amanang le lefu la tsoekere, ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli pele ho nako, ho fokotseha ha palo ea peō ea botona, endometriosis, ho se tloaelehe ha tsoalo, autism, khaello ea vithamine D, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma le botenya. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto li bontšitse hore DDE e chefo le ho feta motsoako oa eona oa motsoali. Metabolite ena e ka ba le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle melokong e mengata, e baka botenya le lefu la tsoekere, 'me e eketsa ka mokhoa o ikhethang palo ea kankere ea matsoele ho pholletsa le meloko e mengata. Libolaya-dikokwana-hloko tse ling tsa moloko oa khale, ho kenyeletsoa le organophosphates tse kang malathion, li entsoe ka metsoako e tšoanang le moemeli oa methapo ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše (Agent Orange), e amang tsamaiso ea methapo hampe. Triclosan, sebolaya-dikokwana-hloko se thibelang likokoana-hloko se thibetsoeng lijong tse ngata, se lula tikolohong 'me se hlahisa lihlahisoa tse senyang kankere tse kang chloroform le 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Lik'hemik'hale tsa "moloko o latelang", ho kenyeletsoa glyphosate le neonicotinoids, li sebetsa kapele 'me lia senyeha kapele, kahoo ha li na monyetla oa ho bokellana. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto li bontšitse hore mahloriso a tlase a lik'hemik'hale tsena a chefo ho feta lik'hemik'hale tsa khale 'me li hloka boima bo fokolang ba lik'hilograma tse' maloa. Ka hona, lihlahisoa tsa ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale tsena li ka baka litlamorao tse tšoanang kapa tse matla haholo tsa chefo. Lithuto li bontšitse hore glyphosate ea herbicide e fetoloa metabolite e chefo ea AMPA e fetolang tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho phaella moo, metabolite e ncha ea ionic e kang denitroimidacloprid le decyanothiacloprid li na le chefo e fetang makhetlo a 300 le ~ 200 ho liphoofolo tse anyesang ho feta imidacloprid ea motsoali, ka ho latellana.
Libolaya-dikokwanyana le di-TF tsa tsona di ka eketsa maemo a chefo e matla le e ka tlase ho kotsi e fellang ka ditlamorao tsa nako e telele hodima leruo la mefuta le mefuta-futa ya diphedi. Dibolaya-dikokwanyana tse fapaneng tsa nakong e fetileng le tsa hona jwale di sebetsa jwalo ka ditshila tse ding tsa tikoloho, mme batho ba ka pepesehela dintho tsena ka nako e le nngwe. Hangata ditshila tsena tsa dikhemikhale di sebetsa mmoho kapa ka kopanelo ho hlahisa ditlamorao tse matla tse kopaneng. Tshebedisano mmoho ke bothata bo tlwaelehileng metswakong ya dibolaya-dikokwanyana mme e ka nyenyefatsa ditlamorao tse chefo bophelong ba batho, ba diphoofolo le tikoloho. Ka lebaka leo, ditekolo tsa hona jwale tsa kotsi ya bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho le batho di nyenyefatsa haholo ditlamorao tse kotsi tsa masalla a dibolaya-dikokwanyana, di-metabolite le ditshila tse ding tsa tikoloho.
Ho utloisisa tšusumetso eo endocrine e sitisang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le lihlahisoa tsa eona tse senyehang li ka bang le eona bophelong ba meloko ea hona joale le e tlang ho bohlokoa. Sesosa sa lefu le bakoang ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ha se utloisisoe hantle, ho kenyeletsoa le tieho ea nako e ka boleloang esale pele pakeng tsa ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale, litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle le lintlha tsa epidemiological.
Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho batho le tikolohong ke ho reka, ho lema le ho boloka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho. Lithuto tse ngata li bontšitse hore ha ho fetoloa lijong tsa tlhaho ka botlalo, boemo ba li-metabolite tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana morotong bo theoha haholo. Temo ea tlhaho e na le melemo e mengata ea bophelo bo botle le tikoloho ka ho fokotsa tlhoko ea mekhoa ea temo e sebelisang lik'hemik'hale haholo. Litlamorao tse kotsi tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana li ka fokotsoa ka ho amohela mekhoa ea tlhaho e nchafatsang le ho sebelisa mekhoa e seng chefo haholo ea taolo ea likokoanyana. Ka lebaka la tšebeliso e atileng ea maano a mang a seng a chefo ea likokoanyana, malapa le basebetsi ba liindasteri tsa temo ba ka sebelisa mekhoa ena ho theha tikoloho e sireletsehileng le e phetseng hantle.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-06-2023