Moea o hloekileng, metsi le mobu o phetseng hantle ke karolo ea ts'ebetso ea tikoloho e sebetsanang le likarolo tse 'ne tsa Lefatše ho boloka bophelo.Leha ho le joalo, masalla a chefo e chefo a fumaneha hohle tikolohong, 'me hangata a fumanoa mobung, metsing (ka bobeli a tiileng le a mokelikeli) le moeeng o haufi le maemo a fetang litekanyetso tsa US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Masalla ana a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana a kena ka hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation le biodegradation, ho fella ka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa phetoho tse tloaelehileng joaloka metsoako ea motsoali oa tsona.Mohlala, 90% ea Maamerika a na le bonyane biomarker e le 'ngoe ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana 'meleng ea bona (ka bobeli motsoako oa motsoali le metabolite).Ho ba teng ha chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana 'meleng ho ka ama bophelo ba motho, haholo-holo nakong ea maemo a tlokotsing a bophelo a kang bongoaneng, bocha, bokhachane le botsofali.Lingoliloeng tsa mahlale li bontša hore chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ke khale e na le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle (mohlala, tšitiso ea endocrine, mofets'e, mathata a pelehi / tsoalo, neurotoxicity, tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa, joalo-joalo) tikolohong (ho kenyeletsoa liphoofolo tse hlaha, mefuta-futa ea bophelo le bophelo ba batho).Kahoo, ho pepesehela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le li-PD tsa bona ho ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa le litlamorao tsamaisong ea endocrine.
Setsebi sa EU mabapi le endocrine disruptors (morao tjena) Dr. Theo Colborne o khethile metsoako e fetang 50 ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e le li-endocrine disruptors (ED), ho kenyelletsa le lik'hemik'hale tse lihlahisoa tsa ntlo tse kang li-detergents, disinfectants, polasetiki le likokoanyana.Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore tšitiso ea endocrine e atile haholo ho chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e kang herbicides atrazine le 2,4-D, pet insecticide fipronil, le dioxins tse nkiloeng ke indasteri (TCDD).Lik’hemik’hale tsena li ka kena ’meleng, tsa senya lihomone ’me tsa baka khōlo e mpe, maloetse le mathata a ho ba le bana.Tsamaiso ea endocrine e entsoe ka litšoelesa (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, le pituitary) le lihomone tseo li li hlahisang (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, le adrenaline).Litšoelesa tsena le lihomone tse tsamaisanang le tsona li laola khōlo, khōlo, ho ikatisa le boitšoaro ba liphoofolo, ho akarelletsa le batho.Mathata a endocrine ke bothata bo sa feleng le bo ntseng bo eketseha bo amang batho lefatšeng ka bophara.Ka lebaka leo, babuelli ba pheha khang ea hore leano le lokela ho tiisa melao e thata mabapi le tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso mabapi le liphello tsa nako e telele tsa ho pepesehela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
Phuputso ena ke e 'ngoe ea tse ngata tse hlokomelang hore lihlahisoa tse senyang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana li chefo kapa li sebetsa ho feta metsoako ea batsoali ba tsona.Lefatšeng ka bophara, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa taolo ea menoang 'me ke eona feela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e amohetsoeng ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) bakeng sa taolo ea menoang ka lijaneng tsa metsi a nooang.Leha ho le joalo, hoo e ka bang li-TP Pyrs tse supileng kaofela li na le tšebetso e felisang estrogen maling, liphiong le sebeteng.Malathion ke likokoanyana tse tsebahalang tse thibelang tšebetso ea acetylcholinesterase (AChE) liseleng tsa methapo.Ho thibela AChE ho lebisa ho bokellaneng ha acetylcholine, k'hemik'hale ea methapo ea kutlo e ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea boko le mesifa.Ho bokellana ha lik'hemik'hale tsena ho ka lebisa liphellong tse matla tse kang ho sisinyeha ka potlako ho sa laoleheng ha mesifa e itseng, ho holofala ha phefumoloho, ho ferekana, 'me maemong a feteletseng, leha ho le joalo, ho thibela acetylcholinesterase ha hoa khetheha, ho lebisang ho ata ha malathion.Ena ke tšokelo e tebileng ho liphoofolo tse hlaha le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.Ka kakaretso, thuto e bontšitse hore li-TP tse peli tsa malathion li na le liphello tse senyang tsa endocrine ho liphatsa tsa lefutso, secretion ea hormone, le glucocorticoid (carbohydrate, protheine, mafura) metabolism.Ho senyeha ka potlako ha chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana fenoxaprop-ethyl ho ile ha fella ka hore ho thehoe li-TP tse peli tse chefo haholo tse ileng tsa eketsa liphatsa tsa lefutso 5.8-12-fold le ho ba le phello e kholo mosebetsing oa estrogen.Qetellong, TF e ka sehloohong ea benalaxil e phehella tikolohong nako e telele ho feta motsoako oa motsoali, ke mohanyetsi oa estrogen receptor alpha, 'me e ntlafatsa polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso 3-fold.Likokoana-hloko tse 'nè thutong ena e ne e se tsona feela lik'hemik'hale tse tšoenyang;tse ling tse ngata le tsona li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse chefo.Likokoana-hloko tse ngata tse thibetsoeng, metsoako ea khale le e mecha ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, le lihlahisoa tsa lik’hemik’hale li ntša phosphorous e chefo e silafatsang batho le tikoloho.
Sebolaea-kokoanyana se thibetsoeng sa DDT le DDE ea eona e ka sehloohong ea metabolite e ntse e le tikolohong lilemo tse mashome ka mor'a hore tšebeliso e felisoe, 'me US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e lemoha likhahla tsa lik'hemik'hale tse fetang maemo a amohelehang.Le hoja DDT le DDE li qhibiliha ka har'a mafura a 'mele 'me li lula moo ka lilemo tse ngata, DDE e lula' meleng nako e telele.Phuputso e entsoeng ke Centers for Disease Control (CDC) e fumane hore DDE e tšoaelitse 'mele ea karolo ea 99 lekholong ea barupeluoa thutong.Joaloka litšitiso tsa endocrine, ho pepesehela DDT ho eketsa likotsi tse amanang le lefu la tsoekere, ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli pele, ho fokotseha ha palo ea peō ea botona, endometriosis, congenital anomalies, autism, khaello ea vithamine D, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma le botenya.Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso li bontšitse hore DDE e chefo ho feta motsoako oa motsoali oa eona.Metabolite ena e ka ba le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba meloko e mengata, e baka botenya le lefu la tsoekere, 'me ka mokhoa o ikhethileng e eketsa ts'oaetso ea mofetše oa matsoele melokong e mengata.Likokoana-hloko tse ling tsa moloko oa khale, ho akarelletsa le organophosphates tse kang malathion, li entsoe ka metsoako e tšoanang le ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše (Agent Orange), e amang tsamaiso ea methapo hampe.Triclosan, sebolaya dikokwana-hloko se thibetsweng dijong tse ngata, se tswelapele tikolohong mme se etsa dihlahiswa tse senyang carcinogenic tse kang chloroform le 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Lik'hemik'hale tsa "moloko o latelang", ho akarelletsa le glyphosate le neonicotinoids, li sebetsa ka potlako 'me li senyeha ka potlako, kahoo ha li khone ho haha.Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso li bontšitse hore likhahla tse tlaase tsa lik'hemik'hale tsena li chefo ho feta lik'hemik'hale tsa khale 'me li hloka boima ba lik'hilograma tse' maloa.Ka hona, lihlahisoa tse senyehang tsa lik'hemik'hale tsena li ka baka litlamorao tse tšoanang kapa tse matla ho feta tsa chefo.Liphuputso li bontšitse hore glyphosate ea herbicide e fetoloa ho AMPA metabolite e chefo e fetolang polelo ea lefutso.Ho phaella moo, li-metabolite tse ncha tsa ionic tse kang denitroimidacloprid le decyanothiacloprid li chefo ho liphoofolo tse anyesang ka makhetlo a 300 le ~ 200 ho feta motsoali oa imidacloprid, ka ho latellana.
Likokoana-hloko le li-TF tsa tsona li ka eketsa maemo a chefo e matla le e kotsi e bakang litlamorao tsa nako e telele ho leruo la mefuta le mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng.Likokoana-hloko tse fapa-fapaneng tsa nakong e fetileng le tsa hona joale li sebetsa joaloka lintho tse ling tse silafatsang tikoloho, 'me batho ba ka 'na ba pepesehela lintho tsena ka nako e le 'ngoe.Hangata litšila tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale li sebetsa 'moho kapa ka synergistically ho hlahisa litlamorao tse matla tse kopaneng.Synergy ke bothata bo atileng metsoakong ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana 'me e ka nyenyefatsa litlamorao tse chefo bophelong ba batho, liphoofolong le tikolohong.Ka lebaka leo, litlhahlobo tsa hajoale tsa kotsi ea tikoloho le bophelo ba batho li nyenyefatsa haholo litlamorao tse mpe tsa masala a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, metabolites le litšila tse ling tsa tikoloho.
Ho utloisisa tšusumetso eo endocrine e senyang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le lihlahisoa tsa eona tse senyehang e ka bang le eona bophelong bo botle ba meloko ea hona joale le e tlang ho bohlokoa.Etiology ea mafu a bakoang ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ha e utloisisoe hantle, ho kenyeletsoa tieho ea nako e ka lebelloang lipakeng tsa ho pepeseha ha lik'hemik'hale, litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle le data ea lefu la seoa.
Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho fokotsa phello ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho batho le tikolohong ke ho reka, ho lema le ho boloka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho.Liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse hore ha u fetohela lijong tse phelang ka ho feletseng, boemo ba metabolite e bolaeang likokoanyana ka har'a moroto bo theoha haholo.Temo ea tlhaho e na le melemo e mengata ea bophelo bo botle le tikoloho ka ho fokotsa tlhoko ea mekhoa ea temo e matla ea lik'hemik'hale.Litlamorao tse kotsi tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana li ka fokotsoa ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e nchafatsang ea lintho tse phelang le ho sebelisa mekhoa e fokolang ea chefo ea ho laola likokoanyana.Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e atileng ea maano a mang a sa sebeliseng chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, malapa le basebetsi ba liindasteri tsa temo ba ka sebelisa mekhoa ena ho theha tikoloho e bolokehileng le e phetseng hantle.
Nako ea poso: Sep-06-2023