Mmaraka oa peo o fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso (GM) o lebelletsoe ho hola ka $ 12.8 bilione ka 2028, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 7.08%.Mokhoa ona oa kholo o susumetsoa haholo ke ts'ebeliso e atileng le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea temo ea baeloji.
Mmaraka oa Amerika Leboea o bile le kholo e potlakileng ka lebaka la kamohelo e atileng le tsoelopele e ncha ea theknoloji ea temo ea temo.Basf ke e 'ngoe ea litsi tse ka sehloohong tse fanang ka lipeo tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse nang le melemo ea bohlokoa joalo ka ho fokotsa khoholeho ea mobu le ho sireletsa mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng.Mmaraka oa Amerika Leboea o shebane le lintlha tse kang boiketlo, likhetho tsa bareki le mekhoa ea tšebeliso ea lefatše.Ho latela se boletsoeng esale pele le litlhahlobo, 'maraka oa Amerika Leboea hajoale o na le keketseho e tsitsitseng ea tlhokahalo, mme theknoloji ea bioloji e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng lekala la temo.
Bakhanni ba bohlokoa ba 'maraka
Ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea lipeo tsa GM tšimong ea biofuel ho hlakile hore e tsamaisa nts'etsopele ea mmaraka.Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e hola ea li-biofuel, sekhahla sa ho amoheloa ha lipeo tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso 'marakeng oa lefatše le sona se ntse se eketseha butle-butle.Ho feta moo, ka tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ea ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho fokotsa phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo, li-biofuel tse nkiloeng lijalong tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse kang poone, soya le 'moba, li ntse li fetoha tsa bohlokoa haholo e le mehloli ea matla a ka nchafatsoang.
Ntle le moo, lipeo tse fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso tse etselitsoeng kotulo e eketsehileng, ho eketseha ha oli le biomass le tsona li tsamaisa katoloso ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa tlhahiso o amanang le biofuel.Ka mohlala, bioethanol e nkiloeng ho poone e fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso e sebelisoa haholo e le motsoako oa mafura, ha biodiesel e nkiloeng ho soya e fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso le canola e fana ka mokhoa o mong ho feta mafura a mafura bakeng sa likarolo tsa lipalangoang le tsa indasteri.
Mekhoa e meholo ea 'maraka
Ka indasteri ea peo ea GM, ho kopanngoa ha temo ea digital le analytics ea data e fetohile mokhoa o hlahang le mokhanni oa bohlokoa oa 'maraka, ho fetola mekhoa ea temo le ho eketsa boleng ba 'maraka oa peo ea GM.
Temo ea dijithale e sebelisa mahlale a tsoetseng pele joalo ka litšoantšo tsa sathelaete, li-drones, li-sensor le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa temo ho bokella lintlha tse ngata tse amanang le bophelo bo botle ba mobu, maemo a leholimo, kholo ea lijalo le likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo.Li-algorithms tsa tlhahlobo ea data ebe li sebetsa tlhahisoleseling ena ho fa lihoai litharollo tse sebetsang le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho etsa liqeto.Boemong ba peo ea GM, temo ea dijithale e kenya letsoho taolong e sebetsang le ho lekola lijalo tsa GM ho pholletsa le nako ea bophelo ba bona.Lihoai li ka sebelisa lintlha tse tsamaisoang ke data ho etsa mekhoa ea ho lema, ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho lema, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mefuta ea peo ea GM.
Mathata a maholo a 'maraka
Ho hlaha ha mahlale a macha joalo ka temo e otlolohileng ho hlahisa ts'okelo ts'ebelisong ea mahlale a khale tšimong ea peo e fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso mme ke phephetso e kholo e tobaneng le 'maraka hajoale.Ho fapana le temo ea setso kapa temo ea sethopo, temo e otlolohileng e kenyelletsa ho bokella limela ho ea holimo, hangata li kopanngoa le meaho e meng e kang skyscrapers, lijana tsa thomello kapa libaka tsa polokelo tse fetotsoeng.Ka tsela ena, ke feela maemo a metsi le a bobebe a hlokoang ke semela a laoloang, 'me ho itšetleha ha semela ho chefo e bolaeang likokonyana, manyolo a maiketsetso, meriana e bolaeang limela le likokoana-hloko tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso (Gmos) ho ka qojoa ka katleho.
Mmaraka ka mofuta
Matla a karolo ea mamello ea herbicide a tla eketsa karolo ea mmaraka ea peo ea GM.Mamello ya dibolayalehola e kgontsha dijalo ho mamella tshebediso ya sebolayalehola se itseng ha se ntse se thibela kgolo ya lehola.Ka tloaelo, tšobotsi ena e finyelloa ka phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, moo lijalo li etsoang ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlahisa li-enzyme tse tlosang chefo kapa tse hanyetsang metsoako e sebetsang ea meriana e bolaeang limela.
Ho feta moo, lijalo tse hananang le glyphosate, haholo-holo tse fanoang ke Monsanto le tse tsamaisoang ke Bayer, ke tse ling tsa mefuta e manganga ea meriana ea litlama e fumanehang hohle.Lijalo tsena li ka khothaletsa taolo ea lehola ka katleho ntle le ho senya limela tse lengoang.Ntho ena e lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho tsamaisa 'maraka nakong e tlang.
Mmaraka ka sehlahisoa
Boemo bo matla ba 'maraka bo thehiloe ke tsoelopele ea mahlale a temo le mahlale a boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso.Lipeo tsa Gm li tlisa litšobotsi tse ntle tsa lijalo tse kang chai e ngata le ho hanyetsa likokoanyana, kahoo kamohelo ea sechaba e ntse e eketseha.Lijalo tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kang linaoa tsa soya, poone le k'hothone li fetotsoe ho bontša litšobotsi tse kang ho mamella litlama le ho hanyetsa likokoanyana, ho fa lihoai litharollo tse sebetsang ho ba thusa ho loantša likokoanyana le mofoka ha ba ntse ba eketsa chai ea lijalo.Mekhoa e joalo ka ho kopanya liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho khutsisa liphatsa tsa lefutso ka laboratoring li sebelisoa ho fetola sebopeho sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lintho tse phelang le ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tsa lefutso.Hangata peo ea Gm e etselitsoe ho mamella chefo ea limela, ho fokotsa tlhoko ea ho hlaola ka letsoho le ho thusa ho eketsa chai.Litheknoloji tsena li finyelloa ka theknoloji ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho sebelisoa likokoana-hloko tse kang Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Mmaraka oa poone o lebelletsoe ho bonts'a kholo e kholo nakong e tlang.Poone e laola 'maraka oa lefats'e mme e ntse e eketseha, haholo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea ethanol le lijo tsa liphoofolo.Ho feta moo, poone ke eona phepelo ea mantlha ea tlhahiso ea ethanol.Lefapha la Temo la US le hakanya hore tlhahiso ea poone ea Amerika e tla fihla ho li-bushels tse limilione tse likete tse 15.1 selemo le selemo ka 2022, ho nyoloha ka liperesente tse 7 ho tloha 2020.
Eseng hoo feela, tlhahiso ea poone ea US ka 2022 e tla fihla holimo haholo.Lihlahisoa li fihlile ho 177.0 bushels ka acre, ho tloha ho 5.6 bushels ho tloha 171.4 bushels ka 2020. Ho phaella moo, poone e sebelisetsoa merero ea indasteri e kang meriana, polasetiki le biofuel.Ho feto-fetoha ha eona ho tlatselitse ho kotuloeng ha poone sebakeng sa bobeli se lenngoeng lefatšeng ka bophara ka mor'a koro 'me ho lebelletsoe hore e tla tsamaisa kholo ea karolo ea poone le ho tsoela pele ho tsamaisa mmaraka oa peo ea GM nakong e tlang.
Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa 'maraka
United States le Canada ke tsona tse kenyang letsoho ho hlahiseng le ho sebelisoa ha peo ea GM Amerika Leboea.United States, lijalo tse fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kang linaoa tsa soya, poone, k’hothone le canola, tseo boholo ba tsona li entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso hore li be le thepa e kang ho mamella chefo le ho hanyetsa likokoanyana, ke lihlopha tse hōlang ka ho fetisisa.Kamohelo e atileng ea peo ea GM e tsamaisoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa.Tsena li kenyeletsa tlhokahalo ea ho eketsa tlhahiso ea lijalo, ho laola ka katleho lehola le likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo, le takatso ea ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ka ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale, har'a tse ling.Canada e boetse e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa 'marakeng oa libaka, ka mefuta ea GM canola e mamellang litlama e fetohile sejalo sa mantlha temong ea Canada, e thusang ho eketsa chai le phaello ea lihoai.Ka hona, lintlha tsena li tla tsoelapele ho tsamaisa 'maraka oa peo ea GM Amerika Leboea nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Apr-17-2024