Lambda-cyhalothrin, e tsejoang hape e le cyhalothrin le kungfu cyhalothrin, e ntshetsitswe pele ka katleho ke sehlopha sa AR Jutsum ka 1984. Mokgwa wa yona wa tshebetso ke ho fetola ho kena ha lera la methapo ya dikokonyana, ho thibela ho tsamaiswa ha axon ya methapo ya dikokonyana, ho senya mosebetsi wa neuron ka ho sebelisana le kanale ya sodium ion, ho etsa hore kokoanyana e chefo e thabe haholo, e holofale mme e shwe, mme e ka diha kokoanyana ena kapele. Lambda-cyhalothrin e na le dibopeho tsa mefuta e mengata ya dikokonyana tse bolayang dikokwanyana, e sebetsa haholo mme e nka nako e telele e sebetsa, mme e loketse taolo ya dikokonyana tse senyang dijalo tse kang koro, poone, difate tsa ditholwana, k'hothone, meroho e tjhesitsweng, jj.
1 Boemo ba motheo
高效氯氟氰菊酯Lebitso la Senyesemane: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Foromo ea limolek'hule: C23H19ClF3NO3; Sebaka sa ho belisa: 187～190℃/0.2 mmHg; Nomoro ea CAS: 91465-08-633.
Sebopeho sa sehlahisoa se bontšitsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1.
Setšoantšo sa 1 Foromo ea sebopeho sa beta-cyhalothrin
2 Lipheo tsa chefo le taolo
Beta-cyhalothrin e na le litlamorao tsa ho bolaea le ho chefoa ke mala, 'me e boetse e na le phello e itseng ea ho qoba le ha e na phello ea tsamaiso. E na le phello e ntle ea taolo ho likokoanyana tse senyang molomo tse kang li-larvae tsa Lepidoptera le li-beetle tse ling tsa Coleoptera, 'me e ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa taolo ea likokoanyana tse senyang molomo tse hlabang joalo ka pere ea psyllium. Lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa taolo ea beta-cyhalothrin ke li-midge, li-armyworm, li-poone borer, li-beet armyworm, li-heartworm, li-leaf rollers, li-armyworm, li-swallowtail butterflies, li-fruit armyworm, li-cotton bollworm, li-red bollworm, li-caterpillar, jj. Makhulong a joang, joang le lijalo tse omileng tsa masimo, e ka thibela le ho laola joang borer, jj. Sebelisa linako tsa selemo libakeng tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e: Chaena, haholo-holo ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa ka Phato; Amerika Boroa/Leboea, ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa ka Mots'eanong le Loetse ho isa ka Tšitoe; Asia Boroa-bochabela, ho tloha ka Tšitoe ho isa ka Mots'eanong; Europe, ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa ka Mots'eanong le khoeling ea Loetse ho isa ka Tšitoe.
3 Ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya le li-intermediate tse ka sehloohong
(1) Ho kopanngoa ha trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Asiti ea Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum (Kung fu acid) e arabela le thionyl chloride, ea qhibiliha le ho lokisa ho fumana chloride ea trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid.
(2) Ho kopanngoa ha oli e tala ea chlorofluorocyanide
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) le sodium cyanide di a kopanngwa ho etsa oli e tala ya chlorofluorocyanide tlasa tshusumetso ya catalyst.
(3) Ho kopanngoa ha beta-cyhalothrin
Tlas'a ts'ebetso ea li-amine tsa tlhaho, chlorofluorocyanide e tala e feta ho epimerization ho hlahisa beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Boemo ba 'maraka oa lehae
Ho ya ka potso ya China Pesticide Information Network, ho tloha ka la 20 Motsheanong 2022, palo ya dingodiso tsa botekgeniki tsa alpha-cyhalothrin e ne e le 45, mme dikahare tse ngodisitsweng e ne e le 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, le 98%. Har'a tsona, dingodiso tse nang le dikahare tsa 95%, 96%, le 98% di ne di ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kgolo.
Ho ya ka potso ya China Pesticide Information Network, ho tloha ka la 20 Motsheanong, 2022. Lintlha tsa ngodiso ya lehae tsa ditokisetso tsa beta-cyhalothrin di bontsha hore ho na le metswako ya tekanyo e le nngwe, eo ho yona e 621 e leng tekanyo e le nngwe mme e 216 e kopantswe. Tekanyo e le 'ngoe: 621 e ngolisitsoeng, litokisetso tse ka sehloohong ke 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% water emulsion, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, jj. Metswako e kopaneng: 216 e ngolisitsoeng, haholo-holo ka Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine le lihlahisoa tse ling tse kopantsoeng. Mefuta e meholo ea tekanyo ke: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion ea metsi, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% moemeli oa ho emisa, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% phofo e ka nosetsoang, jj.
5 Boemo ba 'maraka oa mose ho maoatle
5.1 Ngoliso ea litokisetso tsa mose ho maoatle
Litekanyo tse kholo tse ngolisitsoeng ke 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Metswako e meholo ke: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + chlorofluorocarbon e sebetsang hantle haholo Cypermethrin 10.6% suspension agent, Acetamiprid 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Liromello tsa China tse romelloang kantle ho naha
Ho tloha ka 2015 ho isa ho 2019, kakaretso ea lik'hamphani tse 582 li rometse kantle ho naha lihlahisoa tsa tekheniki le tsa ho lokisa tsa cyhalothrin tse sebetsang hantle haholo, 'me palo ea lik'hamphani tse leshome tse holimo e romelletsoeng kantle ho naha e bile karolo ea 45% ea palo eohle ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha (pokello ea lilemo tse 5). Lik'hamphani tse leshome tse holimo li thathamisitsoe ho Tafole ea 2.
Bophahamo bo tloaelehileng ba thepa ea tekheniki e romelloang kantle ho naha ke lithane tse 2,400 ka selemo, 'me bophahamo bo phahameng ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ke lithane tse 3,000 ka selemo. Bophahamo ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha bo eketsehile selemo le selemo ho tloha ka 2015 ho isa ho 2019. Bophahamo bo tloaelehileng ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea litokisetso tsa 'mele ke lithane tse 14,800 ka selemo, 'me bophahamo bo phahameng ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ke lithane tse 17,000 (2017), ebe bophahamo ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha bo tsitsitse; bophahamo bo tloaelehileng ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea litokisetso ke lithane tse 460 ka selemo, 'me bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke lithane tse 515 ka selemo.
Ho tloha ka 2015 ho isa ho 2019, lihlahisoa tsa tekheniki le tsa ho lokisa tsa cyhalothrin li ile tsa romeloa limmarakeng tse 77. Limmaraka tse hlano tse holimo e ne e le United States, Belgium, India, Argentina le Pakistan. Limmaraka tse hlano tse holimo li ne li ikarabella bakeng sa 57% ea kakaretso ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Chaena. (Lilemo tse 5 li kenyelelitsoe).
Mekhoa ea morao-rao ea 'maraka ea 6
Ho ea ka mehloli ea litaba, ka la 7 Mots'eanong, 2022, nakong ea lehae, fektheri ea k'hamphani ea lik'hemik'hale tsa temo ea India Bharat Rasayan, e hlahisang haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa pyrethroid le lintho tse ling tse amanang le eona, e ile ea cha ka mor'a ho phatloha ha boiler.
India ke e 'ngoe ea bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ba chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ba seng ba patent lefatšeng, bao har'a bona bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea metsoako ea bohlokoa ea lihlahisoa tsa pyrethroid, methyl betinate le ether aldehyde, bo leng holimo haholo. Ka 2021, Bharat Rasayan e tla romela kantle ho naha lithane tse fetang 6,000 tsa meriana ea botekgeniki ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, litokisetso le metsoako ea botekgeniki, eo 61% ea eona e leng meriana ea botekgeniki, litokisetso tsa 13% le metsoako ea botekgeniki ea 26% (haholo-holo metsoako ea botekgeniki ea pyrethroid). Jwalo ka motsoako oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea pyrethroid, ether aldehyde e na le tlhoko ea lehae ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse ka bang 6,000, tseo hoo e ka bang halofo ea tsona e hlokang ho rekoa India.
Kaha mmaraka oa lehae oa cyhalothrin o se o le haufi le ho fela, 'me k'hamphani ea India ha se eona khoebo e ka sehloohong e hlahisang metsoako e amanang le alpha-cyhalothrin joalo ka ether aldehydes, tšusumetso 'marakeng oa lehae e nyane haholo,' me ho hlokahala haholo ho ela hloko thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea morao tjena. Litheko.
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-08-2022