Leseli le fa limela matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa photosynthesis, ho li lumella ho hlahisa lintho tse phelang lefetola matla nakong ya kgolo le ntshetsopele. Leseli le fa limela matla a hlokahalang 'me ke motheo oa karohano ea lisele le phapang, motsoako oa chlorophyll, kholo ea lisele le motsamao oa stomatal. Matla a khanya, photoperiod le boleng ba leseli li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsena. Metabolism ea tsoekere limeleng e kenyelletsa mekhoa e mengata ea taolo. Leseli, joalo ka e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa taolo, le ama sebopeho sa lerako la sele, li-granules tsa starch, synthesis ea sucrose le sebopeho sa marako a methapo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, maemong a metabolism ea tsoekere e laoloang ke leseli, mefuta ea tsoekere le liphatsa tsa lefutso le tsona lia ameha. Re hlahlobile li-database tse seng li ntse li le teng mme ra fumana maikutlo a seng makae a bohlokoa. Ka hona, sehlooho sena se akaretsa liphello tsa leseli ho hōla ha limela le nts'etsopele hammoho le metabolism ea tsoekere le ho tšohla mekhoa ea liphello tsa leseli ho limela ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane, ho fana ka lintlha tse ncha mabapi le mekhoa ea taolo ea ho hōla ha limela tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a leseli.
Leseli le fana ka matla bakeng sa photosynthesis ea limela 'me le sebetsa e le letšoao la tikoloho le laolang likarolo tse ngata tsa physiology ea limela. Limela li khona ho bona liphetoho tsa maemo a khanya a kantle ka li-photoreceptor tse fapaneng tse kang phytochromes le phototropins le ho theha litsela tse nepahetseng tsa ho laola kholo le nts'etsopele ea tsona. Tlas'a maemo a leseli le tlase, palo ea limela tse omeletseng e ea fokotseha, joalo ka sekhahla sa photosynthesis, sekhahla sa phepelo ea moea, stomatal conductance, le bophara ba stem. Holim'a moo, matla a khanya ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea taolo e fapaneng joalo ka ho mela ha limela, ho ata le ho hola ha makhasi, nts'etsopele ea stomatal, photosynthesis le karohano ea lisele. Boleng bo bobebe bo fetisoang ka li-photoreceptor bo laola potoloho eohle ea bophelo ba limela, ka boleng bo fapaneng ba khanya bo nang le litlamorao tse fapaneng ho morphology ea limela, photosynthesis, kholo le nts'etsopele ea setho. Limela li ka laola kholo le nts'etsopele ea tsona ho latela photoperiod, e khothalletsang mekhoa e kang ho mela ha peo, lipalesa le ho butsoa ha litholoana. E boetse e ameha karabelong ea limela ho lintlha tse mpe, ho ikamahanya le liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa nako (Bao et al., 2024; Chen et al., 2024; Shibaeva et al., 2024).
Tsoekere, ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo le nts'etsopele ea limela, e kena tsamaisong e rarahaneng ea lipalangoang le ho bokella e susumetsoang le ho laoloa ke lintlha tse ngata. Metabolism ea tsoekere limeleng e akaretsa motsoako, catabolism, ts'ebeliso le phetoho ea tsoekere limela, ho kenyeletsoa lipalangoang tsa sucrose, phetisetso ea matšoao, le motsoako oa starch le cellulose (Kudo et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023b; Lo Piccolo et al., 2024). Metabolism ea tsoekere e sebelisa le ho laola tsoekere ka katleho, e kenya letsoho phetohong ea limela ho fetoha ha tikoloho, 'me e fana ka matla bakeng sa kholo le nts'etsopele ea limela. Leseli le susumetsa metabolism ea tsoekere limeleng ka photosynthesis, pontšo ea tsoekere, le taolo ea photoperiod, ka liphetoho maemong a bobebe a bakang liphetoho ho metabolites ea limela (Lopes et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2024). Tlhahlobo ena e shebana le litlamorao tsa leseli ts'ebetsong ea photosynthetic ea semela, kholo le nts'etsopele, le metabolism ea tsoekere. Sengoliloeng se boetse se bua ka tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso mabapi le litlamorao tsa leseli litšoanelehong tsa fisioloji ea semela, ka sepheo sa ho fana ka motheo oa thuto ea ho sebelisa leseli ho laola kholo ea semela le ho ntlafatsa chai le boleng. Kamano e teng lipakeng tsa leseli le kholo ea limela e ntse e sa hlaka mme e fana ka maikutlo a litsela tsa lipatlisiso.
Leseli le na le lintho tse ngata, empa matla le boleng ba lona li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho limela. Matla a khanya a atisa ho sebelisoa ho lekanya khanya ea mohloli oa leseli kapa matla a lehlaseli. Ho ipapisitsoe le bolelele ba maqhubu, leseli le ka aroloa ka ultraviolet, e bonahalang le infrared. Khanya e bonahalang e boetse e arotsoe ka bofubelu, lamunu, mosehla, botala, boputsoa, indigo le violet. Limela li monya khanya e khubelu le e putsoa joalo ka matla a mantlha a photosynthesis (Liang et al., 2021).
Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea boleng bo fapaneng ba leseli tšimong, taolo ea photoperiod, le litlamorao tsa liphetoho tsa matla a khanya ho limela ke mathata a rarahaneng a hlokang ho rarolloa. Ka hona, re lumela hore ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea maemo a leseli e ka khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea ecology ea mohlala oa limela le ts'ebeliso ea thepa le matla, ka tsela eo e ntlafatsa katleho ea kholo ea limela le melemo ea tikoloho. Ho sebelisoa khopolo ea ho ntlafatsa tikoloho, ho ikamahanya le maemo ha limela tsa photosynthesis ho leseli la nako e mahareng le nako e telele li kenyellelitsoe molemong oa sistimi ea Earth ho fokotsa ho se tsitse ha mohlala oa photosynthesis le ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha mohlala (Luo and Keenan, 2020). Limela li tloaetse ho ikamahanya le khanya ea nako e mahareng le ea nako e telele, 'me matla a tsona a photosynthetic le ts'ebeliso ea matla a bobebe nakong e mahareng le ea nako e telele e ka ntlafatsoa, ka hona ho fihlela katleho ea mohlala oa tikoloho ea temo ea masimong. Ho feta moo, ha ho sebelisoa ho lema masimong, matla a khanya a fetoloa ho latela mefuta ea semela le litšobotsi tsa kholo ho khothaletsa kholo ea semela se phetseng hantle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka ho lokisa karo-karolelano ea boleng ba leseli le ho etsisa potoloho ea khanya ea tlhaho, hoa khoneha ho potlakisa kapa ho fokotsa ho thunya le ho beha litholoana tsa limela, ka tsela eo ho fihlela taolo e nepahetseng haholoanyane ea tikoloho ea mohlala oa tšimo.
Metabolism ea tsoekere e laoloang ke leseli limeleng e kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea kholo le nts'etsopele ea limela, ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho hanyetsa maemo a khatello ea tikoloho. Tsoekere, joalo ka limolek'hule tse bonts'ang, li laola kholo le nts'etsopele ea semela ka ho sebelisana le limolek'hule tse ling tse tšoaeang (mohlala, phytohormones), ka hona li susumetsa mekhoa ea 'mele ea limela (Mukarram et al., 2023). Re lumela hore ho ithuta mekhoa ea taolo e hokahanyang tikoloho ea leseli le kholo ea limela le metabolism ea tsoekere e tla ba leano le atlehileng la moruo ho tataisa mekhoa ea ho ikatisa le ea tlhahiso. Ka nts'etsopele ea thekenoloji, lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang mabapi le khetho ea mehloli ea leseli, joalo ka theknoloji ea mabone a maiketsetso le tšebeliso ea li-LED, li ka etsoa ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mabone le lihlahisoa tsa limela, ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse ling tsa taolo bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa kholo ea limela le nts'etsopele (Ngcobo le Bertling, 2024). Leha ho le joalo, li-wavelengths tse khubelu le tse putsoa ke tsona tse sebelisoang haholo lipatlisisong tsa morao-rao mabapi le liphello tsa boleng ba khanya ho limela. Ka hona, ka ho batlisisa liphello tsa litšoaneleho tse fapaneng tse fapaneng tsa khanya tse kang lamunu, mosehla le botala ho kholo ea limela le nts'etsopele, re ka hlahisa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea mehloli e mengata ea leseli ho limela, ka tsela eo ka katleho re sebelisa litšoaneleho tse sa tšoaneng tsa leseli ka mekhoa e sebetsang. Sena se hloka thuto e eketsehileng le ntlafatso. Mekhoa e mengata ea kholo le nts'etsopele ea limela e laoloa ke phytochromes le phytohormones. Ka hona, tšusumetso ea tšebelisano ea matla a spectral le lintho tse sa feleng kholong ea semela e tla ba tataiso ea bohlokoa ea lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang. Ho feta moo, boithuto bo tebileng ba mekhoa ea limolek'hule eo ka eona maemo a fapaneng a leseli a amang kholo le nts'etsopele ea semela, metabolism ea tsoekere, hammoho le litlamorao tsa maemo a mangata a tikoloho limela, e tla kenya letsoho ho nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea bokhoni ba limela tse fapaneng, tse tla lumella ts'ebeliso ea tsona libakeng tse kang temo le biomedicine.
Nako ea poso: Sep-11-2025