γ-Valactone e khothalletsa kholo ea lipeo tsa tamati ka liphetoho tsa transcriptome le lihormone tsa limela | Biology ea Limolek'hule tsa Limela

Ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ha temo ka manyolo a lik'hemik'hale, thahasello ea mefuta e mecha ea manyolo e ntse e hola. Metsoako ea bohlokoa kebatšehetsi ba kholo ba tšepisang.Gamma-valactone, motsoako o feto-fetohang oa tlhaho o hlahisoang ke *S. stearothermiae* NRCB010, o bontšitsoe o khothalletsa kholo ea lipeo tsa tamati tlas'a maemo a sa tsoakoang. Ka hona, re batlisisitse litlamorao tsa mahloriso a fapaneng a gamma-valactone kholong ea lipeo tsa tamati tlas'a maemo a hydroponic le greenhouse, 'me re boetse re hlahlobile liphetoho tse tsamaellanang le boemo ba mongolo le lihormone. Liphetho li bontšitse hore kalafo ea gamma-valactone e khothalelitse kholo ea lipeo tsa tamati haholo, ka mahloriso a holimo a 100 mg/L le 250 mg/L tlas'a maemo a hydroponic le greenhouse, ka ho latellana. Litaba tsa IAA-aspartic acid, IAA-glutamic acid,indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-butyric acid, le gibberellin makhasing, likutung le metsong li eketsehile haholo. Tlhahlobo ea Transcriptome e senotse hore kamora lihora tse 6 tsa kalafo ea γ-valerolactone, palo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlahisoang ka mokhoa o fapaneng (DEGs) tse nang le tlhahiso e eketsehileng e fetile palo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse nang le tlhahiso e fokotsehileng; leha ho le joalo, boemo bo fapaneng bo ile ba bonoa kamora lihora tse 24 tsa kalafo. γ-valerolactone e ka khothaletsa kholo ea lipeo tsa tamati ka mekhoa e kang photosynthesis, signaling ea lihormone tsa limela, le biosynthesis ea bobeli ea metabolite. Phuputso ena e fana ka motheo oa khopolo-taba bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea γ-valerolactone e le molaoli e mocha oa kholo ea limela 'me e beha motheo oa nts'etsopele ea li-biostimulants tsa temo tse sebetsang hantle le tse mosa tikolohong.

Litlhahlobo tsa sebopeho, transcriptomic le lihormone li bontšitse hore γ-valerolactone e ntlafatsa kholo ea lipeo tsa tamati le ho eketsa maemo a lihormone.
Basu A, Prasad P, Das SN, Kalam S, Syed RZ, Reddy MS, El Enshasy H (2021) Baktheria ea rhizosphere e khothalletsang kholo ea limela (PGPR) e le li-bioinoculators tse sireletsang tikoloho: tsoelo-pele ea morao tjena, lithibelo le litebello. Botsitso 13(3): 1140
Campobenedetto S, Mannino G, Bickwilder J, Contartesse V, Karlova R, Bertea CM (2021) Tšebeliso ea li-biostimulants tse thehiloeng ho tannin e ama sebopeho sa metso ea tamati 'me e ntlafatsa mamello ea letsoai. Sci Rep 11(1):354
Cao Hong, Gong Hong, Song Tao, Yu Ming, Pan Xin, Yu Juan, Qi Zhi, Du Yan, Liu Yan (2022) The adapter protein UvSte50 regulates the pathogenicity of *Ustilago maydis* through the MAPK signing pathway. *Acta Mycologica Sinica* 8(9):954
Castiglione AM, Mannino G., Contartesse V., Bertea CM, Ertani A. (2021) Li-biostimulant tsa microbial ho fihlela litlhoko tsa temo ea sejoale-joale: sebopeho, mesebetsi, le ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsena tse ncha. Plants-Basel 10(8):1533
Chandel SS, Sharma KD (2023) Ho fokotseha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa metabolism ea lik'habohaedreite tlas'a khatello ea mocheso o phahameng ho bakile ho fokotseha ha litaba tsa sucrose le starch makhasing a chickpea. Litlaleho tsa Indian Academy of Sciences 46(5):445–449
Chen K, Li GJ, Bressan RA, Song CP, Zhu JQ, Zhao Y (2020a) Matla, lipontšo, le ts'ebetso ea asiti ea abscisic limela. J Integr Plant Biol 62(1):25–54
Chen S, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Chen S (2020b) Tlhaloso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa biosynthetic tsa lignin tse ka har'a birch. Sebopeho le Mosebetsi oa Lehong 34(5):1255–1265
Ding Z, Yao Y, Yao K, Hou H, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Wang S, Liao W (2024) SlSERK3B e khothalletsa kholo ea peo ea tamati le nts'etsopele ka ho laola bokhoni ba photosynthetic. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25(2):1336
Geng Peng, Zhang Shuai, Liu Jie, Zhao Chao, Wu Jun, Cao Yong, Fu Chao, Han Xin, He Hui, Zhao Qiang (2020) MYB20, MYB42, MYB43, le MYB85 ba laola phenylalanine le lignin biosynthesis nakong ea 1 Acta Physiologica Sinica 182(3):1272–1283
Guo Z, Chen Y, Wu D, Du Y, Wang M, Liu Z, Chu J, Yao S (2022) Tlhahlobo ea Transcriptome e senola karolo ea bohlokoa ea brassinolide ea kantle ho tsela ea alkaloid biosynthetic ea Pinellia ternata. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(18):10898
Gupta K, Wani SH, Razak A, Skalicki M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Heynak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansari HO, Alaklabi A, Brestik M (2022) Abscisic acid: karolo ea eona ntlafatsong le ho butsoa ha litholoana. Front Plant Sci 13:817500
Hildebrandt TM, Nesi AN, Araujo VL, Brown HP (2015) Katabolism ea amino acid limela. Mol Plant 8(11):1563–1579
Horvath IT, Mehdi H, Fabos V, Boda L, Mika LT (2008) γ-velolactone: eneji e tsitsitseng le mokelikeli wa dikhemikhale o nang le khabone. Green Chem 10(2):238–242
Khalid F, Rashid Y, Asif K, Ashraf H, Maqsood MF, Shahbaz M, Zulfiqar U, Sardar R, Haider FW (2024) Li-biostimulant tsa limela: mekhoa le lits'ebetso tsa ho ntlafatsa ho ikamahanya le maemo a limela ho loantša khatello ea abiotic. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 24:6641–6690

Kishore PBK, Tiozone RN Jr, Fernie AR, Srinivasulu N (2022) Abscisic acid le karolo ea eona ho laoleng kholo ea limela, nts'etsopele le botsitso ba chai. Mekhoa ea Saense ea Limela 27(12):1283–1295
Kumar K, Raina SK, Sultan SM (2020) Tsela ea lipontšo ea Arabidopsis MAPK le likamano tsa eona ho arabela khatello ea abiotic. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 29(4):700–714
Lee D, Yeon YJ (2020) Ho kopanngoa ha (R)-γ-valerate ho tsoa ho levulinic acid ka mokhoa oa chemoenzymatic oa enantioselective. Ts'ebetso ea Biochem 90:113–117
Li F, Wu C, Liao B, Yu K, Ho Y, Meng L, Wang S, Wang B, Du M, Tian X, Li Z (2022) Thiadizoline e khothalletsa ho fela ha makhasi a k'hothone ka ho laola likamano tse rarahaneng pakeng tsa ethylene, auxin, le cytokinin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(5):2696
Li J, Min S, Luo Q, Abdoulaye AH, Zhang S, Huang W, Zhang R, Chen Y (2023a) Tlhaloso ea limolek'hule tsa lelapa la GH3 ho alfalfa tlas'a khatello ea abiotic. Gene 851:146982
Li Yan, Han Shuai, Qi Yong (2023b) Tswelopele ya dipatlisiso mabapi le sebopeho le mesebetsi ya mabaka a karabelo ya auxin ya dimela. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 65(3):617–632
Ma X, Zhang Y, Tureckova V, Xue GP, Ferney AR, Müller-Robert B, Balazadeh S (2018) The NAC transcription factor SlNAP2 e laola senescence ea makhasi a tamati le chai ea litholoana. Acta Physiologica Sinica 177(3):1286–1302.
Machik M., Gryta A., Frack M. (2020) Menontsha ya temo: mehopolo, mawa, le tshusumetso hodima dikokwana-hloko tsa mobu. Kgatelopele Temong 162:31–87
Moshinets OV, Babenko LM, Rogalsky SP, Jungin OS, Foster J, Kosakiwska IV, Potters G, Spears AJ (2019) ba bontšitse bokhoni ba ho ntlafatsa kholo ea limela le chai ea peo ka ho phekola peo ea koro ea mariha pele ho nako ka lets'oao la baktheria la quorum-sensing N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). PLoS ONE 14(2):e0209460
Müller M. (2021) Sera le motsoalle ha li khethollehe: likamano tsa abscisic acid le ethylene tlas'a khatello ea abiotic. Plants-Basel 10(3):448
Moon HI, Kwon MK, Lee NR, Song SY, Song DH, Lee CH (2021) ba bapisitse metabolites le thepa e sebetsang ea tamati tse fapaneng ba sebelisa metabolomics e thehiloeng ho mass spectrometry. Front Nutr 8:659646
Ning Yi, Ding Yongkang, Chang Yonghong, Zhang Shuai, An Haiming, Fu Yongjun (2023) Maemo a tlase a methyl jasmonate a kgothaletsa kgolo ya Podocarpus macrophyllus ka ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa ho signaling ya dimela le tlhahiso ya triterpenoid. Molao wa Kgolo ya Dimela 101(1):187–199
Pavlovich PV, Koshy P (2022) Liphapang tatellanong ea polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso: tlhahlobo ea data ea RNA-seq. Mekhoa Mol Biol (Clifton NJ) 2508:279–318
Prisa D, Fresco R, Spagnuolo D (2023) Tšebeliso ea menontsha ea likokoana-hloko tlhahisong ea lijalo le ntlafatsong ea khanyetso: tlhahlobo. Agric Basel 13(9):1666
Ren Feng, Liu Ning, Gao Bing, Shen Hui, Li Shuai, Li Li, Zheng Dan, Shen Wei, Gao Ning (2024) Ho tsebahatsa metsoako e feto-fetohang ea lintho tse phelang ho *Stenotrophomonas stearothermiae* bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ho kolone le ho khothaletsa kholo ea lipeo tsa tamati. Journal of Applied Microbiology 135(10):lxae248
Ullah S, Schmidt A, Reichelt M, Tsai SJ, Gershenzon J (2022) Ha ho na tshebedisano e hanyetsanang pakeng tsa ditsela tsa ho bontsha salicylic le jasmonic acid ho poplar. New Botanist 235(2):701–717
Wang Zhiqiang, Gou Xiaodong (2020) Li-kinase tsa protheine tse kang li-receptor li fumaneha ka holimo ho MAPK taolong ea nts'etsopele ea limela. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(20):7638
Wang Chao, Zhang Jie, Li Jie, Xie Jun, Chai Qiang (2024) Methyl jasmonate e tswang kantle e laola tlhahiso ya dihormone tsa tlhaho ka hara diliki tse hodisitsweng ka metsi ho kgothaletsa kgolo ya tsona le photosynthesis. Saense ya Dimela 327:112861
Young T, Davis PJ, Reid JB (1996) Tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea mesebetsi e amanang le auxin le gibberellin taolong ea ho lelefatsa kutu ea pea tlas'a khanya e felletseng. Acta Physiologica Sinica 110(3):1029–1034
Yu Z, Zhang F, Friml J, Ding Z (2022) Auxin signaling: tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso lilemong tse 30 tse fetileng. J Integr Plant Biol 64(2):371–392

Zhang Hua, Zheng Dan, Hu Chao, Cheng Wei, Lei Peng, Xu Hui, Gao Ning (2023) Pseudomonas NRCB010 metabolites e kenya li-exudate tse khethehileng tsa motso oa tamati ho matlafatsa bokolone ba rhizosphere. 13(5):664
Zhou Chao, Li Shuai, Zheng Yong, Lei Peng, Chen Yong, Ying Hua, Gao Ning (2022) Motsoako oa phosphate o nang le matla a mangata o khothalletsa kholo ea lettuce ka ho ntlafatsa photosynthesis, kholo le ho susumetsa lits'ebetso tse amanang le botsitso ba tsamaiso. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 22(2):1955–1969
Zhou X, Shen H, Yan X, Ma X, Leng J, Sun Y, Gao N (2024a) Acetoin e khothalletsa kholo ea limela le ho fokotsa khatello ea letsoai lipeong tsa lettuce ka ho kenya tšebetsong litsela tsa metabolism. Plants-Basel 13(23):3312
Zhou Chao, Zheng Yong, Leng Jun, Ma Chao, Niu Hui, Chen Yong, Ying Hui, Gao Ning (2024b) Litlamorao tsa phosphate ea cadaverine ea kantle ho kholo, photosynthesis, le tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso lipeong tsa lettuce. Chinese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 24(1):537–546
Re leboha haholo Setsi sa Likhomphutha sa Nanjing University of Technology ka ho re fa mehlodi ea likhomphutha.
Phuputso ena e tšehelitsoe ke Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Saense ea Tlhaho oa Chaena (32172673 le 31972503) le Morero oa Sethala sa Koetliso ea Boiqapelo le Khoebo sa Baithuti sa Univesithi ea Theknoloji ea Nanjing (2025DC0047, 2025DC1680, 2025DC1682).
Lefapha la Biotechnology le Boenjiniere ba Meriana, Univesithi ea Theknoloji ea Nanjing, Nanjing 211816, Chaena
Laboratori ea Bohlokoa ea Profense ea Jiangsu ea Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho ea Sepakapaka le Taolo ea Tšilafalo, Setsi sa Ts'ebelisano-'moho sa Theknoloji ea Tikoloho ea Sepakapaka le Lisebelisoa, Sekolo sa Saense ea Tikoloho le Boenjiniere, Univesithi ea Saense le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Nanjing, Nanjing 210044, Chaena
Khopolo-taba, Shanshan Li; Tlhokomelo ea lintlha: Xiyue Sha, Shanshan Li, Hui Shen; Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng, Fangfang Ren le Xin Tao; Ho fumanoa ka lichelete: Nan Gao, Weiye Chen, Xiyue Sha, le Zhuorui Li; Mokhoa, Fangfang Ren le Weiye Chen; Tsamaiso ea morero, Nan Gao; Ho ngola - moralo oa pele, Fangfang Ren le Hui Shen; Ho ngola, ho hlahloba le ho hlophisa: Weishou Shen, Hui Shen, le Nan Gao.
Springer Nature e lula e sa nke lehlakore mabapi le liqoso tsa libaka le likamano tsa mekhatlo limmapeng tse hatisitsoeng.
Springer Nature kapa bafani ba eona ba laesense (mohlala, mekhatlo kapa balekane ba bang) ba na le litokelo tsa molao tse ikhethileng sehloohong sena ho latela litumellano tsa phatlalatso le bangoli kapa beng ba litokelo tse ling; ho ipehela liphetolelo tse amohetsoeng tsa mongolo oa sengoloa sena ke bangoli ho latela ka botlalo litumellano tsa litumellano tse joalo tsa phatlalatso le molao o sebetsang.