Selelekela:
TLHOKOMELISO EA BAOLOke tharollo ea phetoho e sa netefatseng feela taolo e sebetsang ea likokoanyana empa hape e fokotsang tšusumetso e mpe tikolohong.Mokhoa ona o tsoetseng pele oa ho laola likokoanyana o akarelletsa tšebeliso ea lintho tsa tlhaho tse nkiloeng linthong tse phelang tse kang limela, libaktheria le li-fungus.Sengoliloeng sena se akaretsang, re tla hlahloba ts'ebeliso e tebileng, melemo le ts'ebeliso ealikokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko, e fanang ka kutloisiso e felletseng ea khetho ena e bonolo ea tikoloho.
1. Ho Utloisisa Likokoana-hloko tsa Likokoana-hloko:
2.1
1.2 Ho Fetolana ha Tšebeliso: Likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko li fumana tšebeliso e ngata libakeng tse fapaneng tsa temo, temo le malapa.Li ka loantša mefuta e mengata ea likokoanyana, ho akarelletsa likokoanyana, lehola, li-fungus le maloetse a limela.
1.3 Likaroloana tsa Bohlokoa: Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana li kenyelletsa likokoana-hloko (libaktheria, livaerase le li-fungus), lik'hemik'hale tsa biochemical (lipheromone le lihlahisoa tsa limela), le likokoana-hloko tse kholo (libatana le likokoana-hloko).
2. Melemo ea Likokoana-hloko tsa Likokoana-hloko:
2.1 Phello e Fokotseng ea Tikoloho: Ho fapana le chefo e tloaelehileng ea lik'hemik'hale, mefuta e meng ea likokoana-hloko e na le litlamorao tse fokolang, e fokotsang kotsi ea tšilafalo ea metsi, mobu le moea.Ho feta moo, ha li lematse likokoanyana, linonyana, kapa liphoofolo tse molemo tse bolokang mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang.
2.2 Maikutlo a Ntlafetseng a Maikutlo: Likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko li bonts'a khato e khethehileng ho tse senyang lijalo, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho ntša likokoana-hloko tse molemo.Sena se etsa bonnete ba hore likokoana-hloko tse sa lebelloang tse bohlokoa ho leka-lekana ha tikoloho ea tikoloho li lula li sa tsoa kotsi.
2.3 Ntlafatso e Nyenyane ea Khanyetsano: Likokonyana hangata li ba le ho hanyetsa chefo ea lik'hemik'hale ha nako e ntse e ea, e leng se etsang hore li se sebetse hantle.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea baeloji e sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea liketso, e leng ho etsang hore ho be thata hore likokoanyana li khone ho itoanela.
3. Mefuta ea Likokoana-hloko tsa Likokoana-hloko:
3.1 Likokoana-hloko: Tsena li sebelisa likokoana-hloko tse kang baktheria, livaerase le li-fungus ha li etsoa.Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ke sebolaya dikokwana-hloko se sebediswang haholo se sebetsang kgahlanong le mefuta e mengata ya disenyi.
3.2 Likokoana-hloko tsa Lik'hemik'hale: Ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho e kang limela, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea biochemical e na le li-pheromone, li-extracts tsa limela, li-enzyme, kapa li-hormone tsa likokoanyana.Tsena li sitisa boitšoaro ba likokoanyana, mekhoa ea ho nyalana, kapa khōlo.
3.3 Likokoana-hloko tsa Macrobial: Ka ho sebelisa likokoana-hloko tse kang likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo, li-nematode, kapa likokoana-hloko, lira tsena tsa tlhaho tsa likokoanyana li thusa ho boloka botsitso ba tikoloho ka ho lebisa likokoanyana tse itseng.
4. Kopo eaLikokoana-hloko tsa Likokoana-hloko:
4.1 Lekala la Temo: Likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mekhoeng ea temo ea moshoelella kaha li kenya letsoho maanong a kopanelo a taolo ea likokoanyana (IPM).Tšebeliso ea tsona e ka fokotsa ho itšetleha ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea lik'hemik'hale 'me ea khothalletsa bophelo bo botle ba nako e telele ba tikoloho.
4.2 Temo ea Lirapa le Temo ea Lirapa: Litsi tsa taolo ea likokoana-hloko li loantša likokoanyana ka katleho matlong a limela, litsing le lirapeng tse ka ntle, li baballa bophelo ba limela le ho fokotsa mesaletsa ea lik'hemik'hale tse hlahisoang.
4.3 Taolo ea Likokonyana ka Lapeng: Malapeng le libakeng tsa bolulo, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e ka laola ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng likokoanyana tse kang bohloa, menoang le lintsintsi ntle le ho beha likotsi tsa bophelo ho baahi, liphoofolo tsa lapeng le tikoloho.
5. Ho Khothaletsa Kamohelo ea Likokoana-hloko tsa Likokoana-hloko:
5.1 Patlisiso le Nts'etsopele: Ho tsetela ho tsoelang pele lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ho bohlokoa ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso le mefuta e mengata ea likhetho tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.Mebuso le mekhatlo e lokela ho aba lisebelisoa ho tšehetsa tsoelo-pele ea saense lefapheng lena.
5.2 Tlhokomeliso ea Sechaba: Ho ruta lihoai, balemi ba lirapa le sechaba ka kakaretso ka melemo le tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea chefo e bolaeang likokoana-hloko ho bohlokoa haholo.Ho totobatsa lipale tsa katleho le lithuto tsa liketsahalo ho tla thusa ho khothaletsa ho amoheloa ha mokhoa ona o tsitsitseng.
5.3 Tšehetso ea Taolo: Mebuso e lokela ho theha melao e hlakileng le mekhoa ea ho fana ka setifikeiti bakeng sa chefo e bolaeang likokoana-hloko ho netefatsa boleng, polokeho, le katleho.Sena se khothaletsa tlhahiso ea khoebo le ho fumaneha ha lihlahisoa tse tšepahalang tsa likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko.
Qetello:
Likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko li fana ka mokhoa o tebileng le o tsitsitseng oa taolo ea likokoanyana, e fana ka taolo e sebetsang ha e ntse e fokotsa likotsi tsa tikoloho.Tšebeliso ea bona e feto-fetohang, tšusumetso e fokolang ho likokoana-hloko tse sa lebelloang, le tsoelo-pele e fokolang ea ho hanyetsa li etsa hore e be sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa temong, temong ea lirapa le libakeng tsa malapa.Ka ho khothaletsa liphuputso, tlhokomeliso, le tšehetso ea taolo, re ka khothaletsa ho amoheloa ka bongata ha chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea tlhaho, re hlokomela bokhoni ba eona bo boholo ba ho theha tekano e lumellanang lipakeng tsa mesebetsi ea batho le tlhaho.
Nako ea poso: Oct-24-2023