Bohloa bo bofubelu ba mollo (Solenopsis invicta) e bile sesenyi se seholo United States ho tloha ha bo sibolloa ka likepe pakeng tsa 1933 le 1945. Ho hlaba ha bona ho baka bohloko bo boholo 'me ho ja United States chelete e fetang $8 bilione selemo le selemo. Kajeno, bohloa bo bofubelu ba mollo bo fumanoa linaheng tse 19, haholo-holo Boroa-bochabela, empa hape le California. Li boetse li ikatisa ka bongata Australia le Chaena.
Ka 1958, United States e ile ea theha mokhoa oa 'muso oa ho arola likokoanyana tsa mollo ho tsoa linaheng tse ling ho thibela ho tsamaea ha limela le lintho tse ka jalang likokoanyana tsena. Bafuputsi ba bangata le bahlanka ba mmuso ba lumela hore ho ata ha likokoanyana tsa mollo ho amana le ho tsamaisoa ha lipeo. Batsamaisi ba serapa sa bana ba ne ba fafatsa metso ea limela ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho laola likokoanyana tsa mollo, empa tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana tse ngata tse joalo (joalo ka chlorpyrifos) joale e thibetsoe, 'me lik'hemik'hale tsena li bitsa chelete e ngata.
Sehlopha sa bafuputsi se tsoang ho USDA Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, le Tennessee State University se ithutile mekhoa ea ho fokotsa bongata ba bohloa ba mollo ka ho sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sa thibeleng e sebelisoang libolong tsa metso ea lipeo.chefo e bolaeang likokoanyanaho eketsa kotsi ea ho pepesehela bohloa ba mollo 'me ho ka fetisetsa lintho tse chefo ho bohloa bo bong bo ka sehlaheng. Liphetho tsa phuputso, tse phatlalalitsoeng ka Hlakubele ho Journal of Economic Entomology, li bontšitse hore chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sa lelekengfipronilho fokotsehile haholo palo ea bohloa ba mollo libolong tsa metso ea lipeo.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba beha lihlopha tsa bohloa ba mollo (ho kenyeletsoa bohloa ba basebetsi, mahe, liboko, li-pupae le mofumahali) ka har'a libolo tsa metso ea limela tsa Buxus microphylla. Halofo ea libolo tsa metso e ile ea phekoloa ka sebolaya-likokoanyana sa bifenthrin. Libolaya-likokoanyana tse 'ne tse sa lelekeng—fipronil, indoxacarb, imidacloprid le fipronil—eaba li sebelisoa e le taolo, hammoho le metsi. Litlamorao tsa mahloriso a fapaneng a likokoanyana tse sa lelekeng le tsona li ile tsa hlahlojoa, 'me katleho ea likokoanyana tse setseng ho thibeleng tšoaetso ea bohloa e ile ea fumanoa.
Fipronil e bontšitse katleho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho bolaea likokoanyana, ka karolelano ea katleho ea taolo ea likokoanyana ea 99.99%, e lateloa ke indoxacarb (99.33%) le imidacloprid (99.49%). Ha meriana ena e mene e bolaeang likokoanyana e kopanngoa le bifenthrin, katleho ea eona ea ho bolaea likokoanyana e ile ea fokotseha haholo (ntle le fipronil, e ileng ea fihlela katleho ea taolo ea 94.29%). Ho leka katleho ea litšenyehelo tsa fipronil taolong ea likokoanyana, bafuputsi ba ile ba leka ka maemo a tlase 'me ba fumana hore katleho ea ho bolaea likokoanyana e fokotsehile ka ho feta 90%, 'me maemo a fapaneng a fipronil a ne a se na tšusumetso e kholo palong ea likokoanyana. Ho sebelisa mahloriso a khothaletsoang a fipronil ho ile ha thibela ka katleho ho hlaseloa ke likokoanyana ho fihlela likhoeling tse tšeletseng, ha ho sebelisoa halofo ea tekanyo ho ile ha fella ka likokoanyana tse setseng metsong ea limela.
Bafuputsi ba ngotse: “Har’a mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoanyana e sa leseng, dinotefuran (e nang le bifenthrin kapa e se nang eona) e fane ka taolo e tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa ea boemo ba ho itšehla thajana, ka 75% (8) ea li-bulb tsa metso e setseng e sa tshwaetsoa. Li-bulb tsa metso tse phekotsoeng ka meriana e meng e sa leseng likokoanyana (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, le fipronil)… li ne li e-na le sekhahla sa ho se tshwaetsoe sa 0-38%.
Bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore fipronil e theko e boima ho feta chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana tse peli tse amohetsoeng tlas'a melaoana ea 'muso ea ho arola likokoanyana tse chesang mollo—chlorpyrifos le bifenthrin. Ho fokotsa palo ea fipronil e sebelisitsoeng ho hlahisitse liphetho tse khothatsang, empa ba ngotse, "Ho hlokahala liteko tse ling tse phetoang ho fumana ka tieo phello ea mahloriso a fapaneng a fipronil palong ea li-bulb tsa metso tse sa tšoaelitsoeng le tse tšoaelitsoeng."
Leha ho le jwalo, fipronil ka boyona e boetse e hlahisa matshwenyeho a mang. E qhibiliha habonolo metsing, e na le chefo ho dinotshi (Apis mellifera), mme e ka hasana ka metsi a phallang, di-spray le dimela. Melawana ya ho ngola le dithibelo di ntse di sebediswa ho fokotsa tshusumetso ya sebolaya-dikokwanyana sena dinotshing. Bafuputsi ba hlokometse, “Bakeng sa dimela tsa tlhokomelo ya dikokwana-hloko, ho sebedisa fipronil feela metsong ya difate tse remilweng pele ho thunya ho lokela ho fokotsa kotsi ya ho pepesehela dinotshi.” Ba ekeditse ka hore ho hlokahala dipatlisiso tse ding ho fumana mokgwa o motle wa ho sebedisa dibolaya-dikokwanyana tse jwalo tse sa leseng ho laola bohlwa bo bofubedu.
"Meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana e sa leseng e sebetsa hantle ho laola bohloa bo bofubelu ba mollo (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) lipeong tse bokelletsoeng masimong."
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Bophelo bo botle ba dihlopha tsa dinotshi bo a ntlafala ha di hlahisa propolis e ngata (resin e boka e sebediswang ho kwala ntlo ya dinotshi). Phuputso e ntjha e lekile mekgwa e mmalwa e bonolo eo balemi ba dinotshi ba ka e sebedisang ho eketsa tlhahiso ya propolis ka hara ntlo ya dinotshi.
Ben Puttler, moprofesa ea seng a ntse a le mosebetsing Univesithing ea Missouri le setsebi sa likokoanyana, ha a tsejoe feela ka menehelo ea hae ea nalane taolong ea likokoanyana tsa baeloji empa hape le ka boeletsi ba hae bo boholo ba baithuti ba bangata ba thuto ea likokoanyana le basebetsi-'moho le eena. Tlhahlobong ea mosebetsi oa hae ea morao, basebetsi-'moho le eena ba babeli ba nahana ka lintho tseo Puttler a li finyeletseng le menehelo ea hae.
Khukhwane ea khapra e baka tšenyo e kholo lijo-thollong tse bolokiloeng 'me ke sepheo sa mantlha likoung le libakeng tse tšelang meeli. Bafuputsi ba Canada ba fumane mocheso o thibelang o bolaeang khukhwane mekhahlelong eohle ea potoloho ea eona ea bophelo, ho kenyeletsoa le ho fela ha nako.
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-13-2026
