Li-acaricides ke sehlopha sa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sebelisoang haholo temong, indastering le liindastering tse ling.E sebelisoa haholo-holo ho laola likokoanyana tsa temo, kapa liboseleise liphoofolong kapa liphoofolong tsa lapeng.Selemo se seng le se seng lefatše le na le tahlehelo e kholo ka lebaka la likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo.Ho latela Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo oa Machaba a Kopaneng, karolo ea 80 lekholong ea mehlape ea likhomo ea lefatše e hlasetsoe ke liboseleise, e leng ho jellang lefatše chelete e ka bang lidolara tse libilione tse 7,3 ka selemo tahlehelong ea moruo.Amerika Boroa, limela tsa soya tse sentsoeng ke sekho se Mononychellus planki McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) li lahlehetsoe ke hoo e ka bang 18.28% ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo-thollo.Chaena, hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse limilione tse 40 tsa citrus le tsona li hlasetsoe ke Panonychus citri (McGregor).Ka hona, tlhoko ea 'maraka ea lefats'e ea li-acaricides e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo.Lihlahisoa tse robeli tse holimo 'marakeng oa acaricide ka selemo sa 2018 ke: spirodiclofen, spiromethicone, diafenthiuron, bifenazate, pyridaben, le propargite, hexythiazox, le fenpyroximate, thekiso ea bona kaofela ke lidolara tse limilione tse 572, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 69.1% ea mmaraka, le mmaraka oa 69.1%. boholo bo lebeletsoe ho fihla ho US$2 bilione ka 2025. Boholo ba 'maraka ba li-acaricide bo ka' na ba e-ba kholoanyane ha mobu oa lefats'e o lemehang o fokotseha, palo ea baahi e eketseha, tlhokahalo ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho e eketseha, le tlhokahalo ea mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea temo e ntse e eketseha.
Tlhahlobo ea 'maraka oa lefats'e oa acaricide e bonts'a hore mite e khubelu ea sekho, Panclaw citrus le Panonychus urmi ke mefuta ea bohlokoa haholo moruong ea likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo, tse etsang karolo e fetang 80% ea 'maraka.Likokoana-hloko tse ling tse amanang le tsona ke pseudo spider mites (haholo-holo li-spider mites), li-rust mites le gall and horsefly mites.Meroho le litholoana, ho kopanyelletsa le lamunu, lifate tsa morara, linaoa tsa soya, k'hothone le poone, ke lijalo tse ka sehloohong tseo li-acaricides li sebelisoang ho tsona.
Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la potoloho e khuts'oane ea bophelo, parthenogenesis, lisebelisoa tse ikhethang tsa metabolism le ho ikamahanya le maemo ho matla ha tikoloho ea likokoanyana tse jang litlama joalo ka likokoanyana tsa sekho le panclaw mites, khanyetso ea tsona ho li-acaricides e eketsehile ka potlako.Likokoana-hloko li etsa tse 3 ho tse 12 tsa li-arthropod tse tlalehiloeng.Tšebelisong ea lefats'e ea li-acaricides, li-acaricides tse tloaelehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorines, le pyrethroids li ntse li le maemong a phahameng.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, le hoja li-acaricides tse phahameng tse kang bifenazate le acetafenac li tsoile, bothata ba homogenization ea li-acaricides bo ntse bo le boima.Ka tšebeliso ea nako e telele le e sa lumellaneng le saense ea li-acaricides tsena, boholo ba likokoanyana tse jang litlama li na le likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale tsa acaricide 'marakeng,' me liphello tsa tsona li fokotsehile haholo.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ea litaba tsa tikoloho le keketseho ea butle-butle sebakeng sa temo ea manyolo, tlhokahalo ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho ho sireletsa lijalo 'marakeng oa lefatše e eketsehile haholo.Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea li-acaricides tse bolokehileng, tse sebetsang hantle, tse nang le tikoloho, tse seng kotsi ho lira tsa tlhaho le tse Sireletsehileng le tse ncha tsa acaricides tse seng bonolo ho hlahisa khanyetso li atametse.
Ho ipapisitsoe le sena, ke tlhoko e potlakileng ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri le indasteri ho sebelisa ka botlalo melemo ea lisebelisoa tsa baeloji tsa China ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea li-acaricides tsa baeloji.
1. Semelo sa lipatlisiso tsa alkaloids ea veratrotrol
Hellebore, eo hape e tsejoang e le onion ea lithaba, hellebore e ntšo, ke moriana o sa feleng.Joaloka semela sa tlhaho se bolaeang likokoanyana naheng ea Chaena, hangata batho ba cheka li-rhizomes tsa eona nakong ea limela ebe ba li halika hore e be mokelikeli o bonolo oa ho hlatsoa linku, lipōli, likhomo le mehlape e meng, le ho sebetsana le tšenyane ea ntlo le likokoana-hloko tse ling.Eaba bafuputsi ba fumana hore hellebore e boetse e na le phello e ntle ea ho laola likokoanyana tse ling.Mohlala, karolo ea ethyl acetate ea Veratrum rhizome e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho bolaea likokoanyana ho larvae ea bobeli le ea boraro ea Plutella xylostella, athe Veratrol alkaloid extract e na le phello e itseng e bolaeang ho batho ba baholo le li-larvae tsa bone tsa maphele a Jeremane.Ka nako e ts'oanang, bafuputsi ba fumane hape hore likhechana tse fapaneng tsa Veratrum rhizome li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea acaricidal, eo har'a eona e ntšitsoeng ethanol> chloroform extract> n-butanol extract.
Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa ho ntša metsoako e sebetsang ke bothata bo boima.Bafuputsi ba Machaena hangata ba sebelisa ammonia-alkalized chloroform ultrasonic extraction, ho ntšoa ha metsi, ho ntšoa ha ethanol percolation, le supercritical CO2 extract ho fumana lintho tse sebetsang ho tsoa ho li-rhizomes tsa veratrum.Har'a tsona, ammonia alkalized chloroform ultrasonic extraction method e sebelisa palo e kholo ea chefo solvent chloroform le hoja sekhahla sa ho ntšoa se batla se le holimo;mokhoa oa ho ntša metsi o na le linako tse ngata tsa ho ntša metsi, tšebeliso e kholo ea metsi, le tekanyo e tlaase ea ho ntša metsi;sekhahla se tlase.Mokhoa o motle oa ho ntša CO2 ho ntša li-alkaloids tsa veratroline ha o na tekanyo e phahameng ea ho ntša feela, metsoako e sebetsang ha e senyehe, empa hape le mosebetsi oa meriana le bohloeki ba metsoako e sebetsang ea lihlahisoa tse fumanoeng li ntlafatsoa haholo.Ho phaella moo, masala a se nang chefo le a se nang chefo ea CO2 ha a kotsi 'meleng oa motho le tikolohong, e ka fokotsang tšilafalo ea tikoloho e bakoang ke mekhoa ea setso ea ho ntša,' me e thathamisitsoe e le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e metle ka ho fetisisa ea ho ntša le ho arola. semela liphello tsa meriana.Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso e kotsi ea tlhahiso le litšenyehelo tse phahameng li sitisa ts'ebeliso ea eona e kholo ea indasteri.
2. Lipatlisiso le tsoelo-pele ea nts'etsopele ea alkaloids ea veratrotrol
Ithute ka theknoloji ea ho ntša Veratrum.Theknoloji ea co-extraction e thehiloe haholo-holo ho veratrorum ea setso ea meriana ea Chaena, e tlatsitsoeng ke lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tsa meriana., Veratrotoin le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata tse sebetsang li lokiselitsoe hammoho, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, li-solvents tse fapaneng li sebelisoa ho tsoela pele ho ntša lisebelisoa tsa meriana ea botanical, e le ho eketsa tlhoekiso le pula ea likarolo tse sebetsang tse sebetsang ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa meriana ea botanical ka mekhahlelo.Ho fumana likarolo tsa sehlopha sa metsoako e nang le ts'ebetso e fapaneng kapa ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ho tsoa sehlopheng se le seng sa lisebelisoa tse tala.Ntlafatsa haholo sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea thepa e tala ea botanical, fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, le ho eketsa tlholisano ea mebaraka haholo.
Ho ithuta ka mochini oa ts'ebetso ea lintho tse sebetsang tsa Veratrum.Veratrol rhizome extract ke mofuta oa motsoako, o nang le metsoako e fetang leshome e sebetsang e kang veratrol, resveratrol, veratotoin, cyclopamine, veratrol, le resveratrol oxide.Tsamaiso ea methapo ea likokoanyana.
Ho latela litlaleho tsa lipatlisiso, chefo ea eona e ipapisitse le ho buloa ha liteishene tsa Na+ tse itšetlehileng ka motlakase, 'me le tsona li bula liteishene tsa Ca2+ tse kentsoeng ke voltage, tse lebisang tokollong ea li-neurotransmitter.Liteishene tsa ion tsa sodium tse nang le motlakase ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lipontšo tsa methapo ea kutlo le mesifa.Likarolo tse sebetsang ho Veratrum extract li ka baka tšitiso ea hajoale mecheng ea sodium ion, e leng se bakang phetoho ea ho kenella ha membrane, ho baka ho thothomela le ho shoa ha morao.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, litsebi tse ling tsa Mafora li tlaleha hore veratroline alkaloids e ka boela ea thibela acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ea likokoanyana ntle le tlhōlisano.Ka lebaka la mokhoa o mocha oa ts'ebetso ea li-alkaloids tsa veratrotrol, tlhaselo ea libaka tse ngata e ka etsahala, 'me ho thata hore mites e ikamahanye le lithethefatsi tsa sebaka sa marang-rang ka liphetoho tsa bona tsa sebopeho, kahoo ha ho bonolo ho hlahisa ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi.
0.1% CE thekenoloji ea ho lokisa hellebore rhizome extract.E tšehetsoa ke theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea ho ntša 'me e tlatsitsoe ke theknoloji e babatsehang ea ho lokisetsa, tsitsipano ea holim'a moriana e nyenyane, e ka phuthelang 'mele oa kokoanyana ka potlako, ea khothalletsa ho kenella le ho monya ha tharollo ea lithethefatsi, le ho ntlafatsa phello ea metsoako e sebetsang.E na le dispersibility e ntle ka metsing, 'me tharollo e hlakile ebile e homogeneous ka mor'a ho hasana.Ho hlapolloa ka makhetlo a 1000, nako ea ho kolobisa letlapa la seile ka botlalo ke metsotsoana e 44, 'me e ka koloba kapele le ho kenella.Lintlha tse ngata tsa botsitso ba ho hasanya leseli li bonts'itse hore tokiso ea 0.1% CE veratrum rhizome e na le botsitso bo botle mme e kopane ka botlalo le maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebeliso ea masimong.
Khatelo-pele ea lipatlisiso mabapi le theknoloji ea ts'ebeliso ea 0.1% CE veratrum rhizome extract
Theknoloji e ncha e ntlafalitse haholo lisebelisoa tse sebetsang ka potlako tsa lithethefatsi.Ha ho bapisoa le theknoloji e fetileng, sehlahisoa se fokolitse tšebeliso ea motsoako o le mong.Ka ts'ebetso e ikhethang, lisebelisoa tsa sehlahisoa li ngata haholo, 'me phello ea synergistic e bonahala haholoanyane.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, ha e sebelisoa hammoho le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea lik'hemik'hale, ea pele, e ka fokotsa haholo palo ea baahi ba likokoana-hloko tse khubelu, ea fokotsa bongata ba lik'hemik'hale tse bolaeang likokoanyana le ho ntlafatsa phello ea taolo.Ho akaretsa, nakong ea liketsahalo tse phahameng tsa citrus Panonychus mite Hezhou, Guangxi, China, ho fafatsa 0.1% CE Veratrum rhizome extract + 30% etoxazole e ile ea sebetsa ka metsotso e 20, ha ho likokoanyana tse phelang tse ileng tsa bonoa matsatsi a 3 ka mor'a kopo, 'me matla a taolo e bile matsatsi a 11 kamora kopo.e ka bolokoa ka holimo ho 95%.Mokhahlelong oa pele oa Jiangxi Ruijin navel orange citrus panclaw mites, 0.1% CE Veratrum rhizome extract + 30% tetramizine bifenazate kaofela ba shoele letsatsi le 1 kamora kopo, mme ha ho likokoanyana tse phelang tse ileng tsa bonoa matsatsi a 3 kamora kopo., phello ea taolo e haufi le 99% ka mor'a matsatsi a 16.
Liphetho tse kaholimo tsa bioassay li bonts'a hore ha palo ea mantlha ea likokoanyana tse khubelu e le tlase kapa e phahame, ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe le ts'ebeliso ea metsoako e nang le lik'hemik'hale, motsoako oa rhizome oa Veratella vulgaris o ka fokotsa palo ea liboko tse khubelu tsa sekho le ho ntlafatsa taolo. phello ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.E bontšitse phello e babatsehang ea taolo.Ka nako e ts'oanang, motsoako oa rhizome oa hellebore o tsoa ho limela.Nakong ea mahloriso a khothaletsoang, ho bolokehile ho sebelisoa maemong a budding, lipalesa le litholoana tse nyane tsa limela tse ngata, 'me ha ho na phello ho atoloseng ha letlobo, lipalesa le litholoana.E bolokehile ebile e baballa tikoloho ho liphoofotsoana tseo e seng liphofu tse kang lira tsa tlhaho tsa mites, 'me ha e na khanyetso le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le li-acaricides.E loketse haholo bakeng sa tsamaiso e kopanetsoeng ea mites (IPM).'Me ka ho fokotseha ha tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea lik'hemik'hale, masala a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana tse kang etoxazole, spirodiclofen, le bifenazate ka har'a citrus a ka kopana ka botlalo le "China National Food Safety Standard for the Maximum Residue Limited of chesticides in Foods", "European Union. Lijo”.Tekanyetso ea Tekanyetso ea Masala a Chefo e Chesang Likokoana-hloko le Tekanyetso ea Moeli oa Moedi oa Likokoana-hloko tsa US in Foods li fana ka tiisetso e tiileng bakeng sa polokeho ea lijo le boleng le polokeho ea lihlahisoa tsa temo.
Theknoloji ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso e khothalletsa kholo ea indasteri ea hellebore
Hellebore ke setlhare se tloaelehileng mme ke setlama se sa feleng sa lelapa la Liliaceae.E mela dithabeng, merung kapa dihlahleng.E ajoa Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Sichuan, Jiangsu le libakeng tse ling Chaena.E ruile matlotlo a hlaha.Ho latela lipatlisiso, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea hellebore ea meriana e haufi le lithane tse 300-500, 'me mefuta e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata, joalo ka hellebore, Xing'an hellebore, maosu hellebore le Guling hellebore, mme likarolo tse sebetsang tsa mofuta o mong le o mong ke ha e tshwane.
Ka tsoelopele e potlakileng ea biotechnology le lipatlisiso tse tebileng mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tsa hellebore, ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ntlafatsa mefuta ea meriana ea hellebore le ho ruoa ka maiketsetso ha mefuta ea li-hellebore tse hlaha e tsoetse pele ka mekhahlelo.Ho lema ka maiketsetso ha mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea hellebore ho tla fokotsa haholo tšenyo ea ho epolloa ha hellebore ho mehloli ea likokoana-hloko tse hlaha, le ho ntšetsa pele nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea hellebore tšimong ea temo le lefapheng la bongaka.
Nakong e tlang, lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tsa hellebore rhizome tse nkiloeng limela tsa meriana li lebelletsoe ho fokotsa butle-butle ts'ebeliso ea li-acaricides tsa setso, le ho etsa lintlafatso tse ling ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa temo, ho ntlafatsa boleng le polokeho ea lihlahisoa tsa temo, ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea temo. le ho boloka mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng.tlatsetso e kgolo.
Nako ea poso: Aug-08-2022