Florfenicol, motsoako oa maiketsetso oa monofluorinated oa thiamphenicol, ke moriana o mocha o thibelang likokoana-hloko oa chloramphenicol bakeng sa tšebeliso ea bongaka ba liphoofolo, o ileng oa ntlafatsoa ka katleho bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1980.
Tabeng ea mafu a khafetsa, mapolasi a mangata a likolobe a sebelisa florfenicol khafetsa ho thibela kapa ho phekola mafu a likolobe.Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke lefu la mofuta ofe, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke sehlopha sefe kapa sethaleng sefe, lihoai tse ling li sebelisa super-dose ea florfenicol ho phekola kapa ho thibela maloetse.Florfenicol ha se pheko ea kalafo.E tlameha ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa o utloahalang ho finyella phello e lakatsehang.E latelang ke kenyelletso e qaqileng ea kutloisiso e tloaelehileng ea tšebeliso ea florfenicol, ka tšepo ea ho thusa bohle:
1. Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa florfenicol
(1) Florfenicol ke setlhare sa lithibela-mafu se nang le li-antibacterial spectrum tse pharaletseng khahlanong le libaktheria tse fapaneng tsa Gram-positive le tse mpe le mycoplasma.Libaktheria tse nang le kutlo li kenyelletsa likhomo le porcine Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, joalo-joalo phello e molemo ea ho thibela.
(2) Litlhahlobo tsa in vitro le in vivo li bontša hore tšebetso ea eona ea antibacteria e molemo haholo ho feta ea litlhare tse thibelang likokoana-hloko hona joale, tse kang thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin le li-quinolone tse sebelisoang haholo hona joale.
(3) Ho sebetsa ka potlako, florfenicol e ka fihla khatellong ea phekolo maling hora e le 'ngoe ka mor'a ente ea intramuscular,' me tlhōrō ea lithethefatsi e ka finyelloa ka lihora tse 1.5-3;nako e telele, e sebetsang hantle ea lithethefatsi tsa mali e ka bolokoa lihora tse fetang 20 ka mor'a tsamaiso e le 'ngoe.
(4) E ka phunyeletsa mokoallo oa mali le boko, ’me phello ea eona ea phekolo ho meningitis ea baktheria ea liphoofolo ha e bapisoe le ea lithethefatsi tse ling tse thibelang likokoana-hloko.
(5) Ha e na chefo le litla-morao ha e sebelisoa ka tekanyo e khothalletsoang, e hlōla kotsi ea anemia ea aplastic le chefo e 'ngoe e bakoang ke thiamphenicol,' me e ke ke ea baka kotsi ho liphoofolo le lijo.E sebelisoa bakeng sa tšoaetso ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa 'mele tse bakoang ke libaktheria liphoofolong.Kalafo ea likolobe, ho kenyeletsoa thibelo le kalafo ea mafu a baktheria a ho hema, meningitis, pleurisy, mastitis, mafu a mala le lefu la postpartum ho likolobe.
2. Libaktheria tse hlaselehang habonolo tsa florfenicol le lefu la likolobe tse ratoang tsa florfenicol
(1) Mafu a likolobe moo florfenicol e ratoang teng
Sehlahiswa sena se kgothaletswa e le sethethefatsi sa kgetho bakeng sa nyumonia ya dikolobe, porcine infectious pleuropneumonia le Haemophilus parasuis disease, haholoholo bakeng sa phekolo ya baktheria e hanyetsanang le fluoroquinolones le lithibela-mafu tse ling.
(2) Florfenicol e ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa phekolo ea mafu a latelang a likolobe
E ka boela ea sebelisoa ho phekola mafu a ho hema a bakoang ke Streptococcus (pneumonia), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (asthma ea likolobe), joalo-joalo;salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (piglet asthma) Mafu a tšilo ea lijo joalo ka enteritis e bakoang ke letšollo le mosehla, letšollo le lesoeu, lefu la piglet edema) le libaktheria tse ling tse hlokolosi.Florfenicol e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea mafu ana a likolobe, empa ha se setlhare sa khetho bakeng sa mafu ana a likolobe, kahoo e lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko.
3. Tšebeliso e fosahetseng ea florfenicol
(1) Tekanyo e kholo haholo kapa e nyane haholo.Mefuta e meng ea phepelo e tsoakiloeng e fihla ho 400 mg/kg, 'me litekanyetso tsa ente li fihla ho 40-100 mg/kg, kapa ho feta moo.Tse ling li nyane joalo ka 8 ~ 15mg/kg.Litekanyo tse kholo li chefo, 'me litekanyo tse nyane ha li sebetse.
(2) Nako e telele haholo.Tšebeliso e 'ngoe ea nako e telele ea tekanyo e phahameng ea lithethefatsi ntle le thibelo.
(3) Tšebeliso ea lintho le mekhahlelo e fosahetse.Likolobe tse emereng le likolobe tse nontšang li sebelisa lithethefatsi tse joalo ntle le khethollo, li baka chefo kapa masala a lithethefatsi, e leng se bakang tlhahiso e sa sireletsehang le lijo.
(4) Ho lumellana ho sa lokelang.Batho ba bang hangata ba sebelisa florfenicol hammoho le sulfonamides le cephalosporins.Hore na ke ea saense le e utloahalang ke habohlokoa ho hlahloba.
(5) Phepo e tsoakiloeng le tsamaiso ha e tsosoe ka ho lekana, e etsang hore ho se be le phello ea meriana kapa chefo ea lithethefatsi.
4. Tšebeliso ea litemoso tsa florfenicol
(1) Sehlahisoa sena ha sea lokela ho kopanngoa le macrolides (tse kang tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, joalo-joalo), lincosamide ( Tse kang lincomycin, clindamycin) le diterpenoid semi-synthetic, lithibela-mafu tsa Tiamulin ha li kopane li ka hlahisa phello e hanyetsanang.
(2) Sehlahisoa sena se ke ke sa sebelisoa hammoho le β-lactone amines (joalo ka penicillin, cephalosporins) le fluoroquinolones (joalo ka enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, joalo-joalo), hobane sehlahisoa sena ke inhibitor ea baktheria protheine Synthetic fast-acting bacteriostatic agent. , ea ho qetela ke sebolaea-libaktheria se sebetsang ka potlako nakong ea ho ikatisa.Tlas'a ketso ea pele, motsoako oa protheine ea baktheria o thibeloa ka potlako, libaktheria li khaotsa ho hōla le ho ata, 'me phello ea bactericidal ea ho qetela e fokotsehile.Ka hona, ha phekolo e hloka ho fana ka phello e potlakileng ea sterilization, e ke ke ea sebelisoa hammoho.
(3) Sehlahisoa sena se ke ke sa kopanngoa le sodium ea sulfadiazine bakeng sa ente ea intramuscular.Ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa hammoho le lithethefatsi tsa alkaline ha li tsamaisoa ka molomo kapa ka intramuscularly, e le ho qoba ho bola le ho hlōleha.Hape ha e loketse ente ea methapo e nang le tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, joalo-joalo, ho qoba pula le ho fokotseha ha katleho.
(4) Ho senyeha ha mesifa le necrosis ho ka bakoa ka mor'a ente ea intramuscular.Ka hona, e ka kenngoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka har'a mesifa e tebileng ea molala le likoti, 'me ha ho bohlale ho pheta liente sebakeng se le seng.
(5) Hobane sehlahisoa sena se ka 'na sa e-ba le embryotoxicity, se lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko ho tse tšehali le tse anyesang.
(6) Ha mocheso oa 'mele oa likolobe tse kulang o phahame, o ka sebelisoa hammoho le antipyretic analgesics le dexamethasone,' me phello e molemo.
(7) Ho thibela le ho phekola lefu la porcine breathing syndrome (PRDC), batho ba bang ba khothalletsa tšebeliso e kopanetsoeng ea florfenicol le amoxicillin, florfenicol le tylosin, le florfenicol le tylosin.E loketse, hobane ho ea ka pono ea pharmacological, tse peli li ke ke tsa sebelisoa hammoho.Leha ho le joalo, florfenicol e ka sebelisoa hammoho le tetracyclines tse kang doxycycline.
(8) Sehlahisoa sena se na le chefo ea hematological.Le hoja e ke ke ea baka khaello ea mali e ke keng ea qojoa ea masapo aplastic anemia, thibelo e ka fetoloang ea erythropoiesis e bakoang ke eona e tloaelehile ho feta ea chloramphenicol (ea holofetseng).E contraindicated ka ente nako kapa liphoofolo tse matla immunodeficiency.
(9) Tšebeliso ea nako e telele e ka baka mathata a tšilo ea lijo le khaello ea livithamine kapa matšoao a superinfection.
(10) Ho thibela le ho phekola lefu la likolobe, tlhokomelo e lokela ho nkoa, 'me moriana o lokela ho tsamaisoa ho latela tekanyo e behiloeng le mokhoa oa phekolo,' me ha oa lokela ho sebelisoa hampe ho qoba liphello tse mpe.
(11) Bakeng sa liphoofolo tse nang le ho haella ha renal, lethal dose le lokela ho fokotsoa kapa nako ea tsamaiso e atolosoe.
(12) Tabeng ea mocheso o tlase, ho fumanoa hore sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha se lieha;kapa tharollo e lokisitsoeng e na le pula ea florfenicol, 'me e hloka feela ho futhumatsoa hanyenyane (e seng ho feta 45 ℃) ho qhibiliha kaofela kapele.Tharollo e lokisitsoeng e sebelisoa hamolemo nakong ea lihora tse 48.
Nako ea poso: Aug-09-2022