Linete tsa malao tse nang le pyrethroid clofenpyr (CFP) le pyrethroid piperonyl butoxide (PBO) li ntse li khothaletsoa linaheng tse anngoeng ke lefu lena ho ntlafatsa taolo ea malaria e fetisoang ke menoang e manganga pyrethroid.CFP ke proinsecticide e hlokang ts'ebetso ka menoang ea cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), 'me PBO e ntlafatsa katleho ea pyrethroids ka ho thibela ketso ea li-enzyme tsena ho menoang e hanyetsanang le pyrethroid.Kahoo, ho thibela P450 ka PBO ho ka fokotsa katleho ea matlooa a pyrethroid-CFP ha a sebelisoa ntlong e le 'ngoe le matlooa a pyrethroid-PBO.
Liteko tse peli tsa liteko tsa cockpit li ile tsa etsoa ho hlahloba mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea pyrethroid-CFP ITN (Interceptor® G2, PermaNet® Dual) e le' ngoe 'me e kopane le pyrethroid-PBO ITN (DuraNet® Plus, PermaNet® 3.0).Liphello tsa Entomological tsa tšebeliso ea Pyrethroid resistance Vector populations karolong e ka boroa ea Benin.Lithutong ka bobeli, mefuta eohle ea mesh e ile ea lekoa ka kalafo e le 'ngoe le e habeli.Litlhahlobo tsa li-bioassays li ile tsa boela tsa etsoa ho hlahloba khanyetso ea lithethefatsi ea batho ba phelang ka har'a ntlo le ho ithuta tšebelisano pakeng tsa CFP le PBO.
Palo ea li-vector e ne e na le kutloelo-bohloko ho CFP empa e ne e bontša maemo a phahameng a ho hanyetsa li-pyrethroids, empa khanyetso ena e ile ea hlōloa ke ho pepeseha pele ho PBO.Ho shoa ha li-vector ho ile ha fokotseha haholo ka har'a matlo a sebelisa motsoako oa marang-rang a pyrethroid-CFP le pyrethroid-PBO ha ho bapisoa le matloana a sebelisang matlooa a mabeli a pyrethroid-CFP (74% bakeng sa Interceptor® G2 vs. 85%, PermaNet® Dual 57% vs. 83 % ), p <0.001).Ho pepeseha pele ho PBO ho fokolitse chefo ea CFP litlhahlobong tsa libotlolo tsa botlolo, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore phello ena e ka 'na ea bakoa ke karolo e 'ngoe ea ho hanyetsa pakeng tsa CFP le PBO.Ho shoa ha li-vector ho ne ho phahame ka matlung a sebelisa motsoako oa matlooa a nang le matlooa a pyrethroid-CFP ha a bapisoa le matlooa a se nang pyrethroid-CFP, le ha matlooa a pyrethroid-CFP a ne a sebelisoa a le mong e le matlooa a mabeli.Ha li sebelisoa hammoho, lefu le phahame (83-85%).
Phuputso ena e bontšitse hore katleho ea pyrethroid-CFP meshes e fokotsehile ha e sebelisoa hammoho le pyrethroid-PBO ITN ha e bapisoa le ho sebelisoa e le mong, athe katleho ea metsoako ea mesh e nang le pyrethroid-CFP meshes e ne e phahame.Liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho etelletsa pele kabo ea marang-rang a pyrethroid-CFP holim'a mefuta e meng ea marang-rang ho tla eketsa litlamorao tsa taolo ea vector maemong a ts'oanang.
Li-ITNs tse nang le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ke tsona tse ka sehloohong tse laolang malaria lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng.Ho tloha ka 2004, hoo e ka bang libilione tse 2.5 tsa matlooa a hloekisitsoeng likokonyana a se a fanoe Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara [1], e leng se entseng hore ho be le keketseho ea palo ea batho ba robalang tlas'a matlooa a hloekisitsoeng ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho tloha ho 4% ho ea ho 47% [2].Phello ea ts'ebetsong ena e ne e le khōlō.Ho hakanngoa hore hoo e ka bang linyeoe tsa malaria tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2 le lefu la limilione tse 6.2 li ile tsa qojoa lefatšeng ka bophara pakeng tsa 2000 le 2021, 'me litlhahlobo tsa mohlala li fana ka maikutlo a hore matlooa a phekoloang ke likokoanyana e ne e le mokhanni o moholo oa molemo ona [2, 3].Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ena e tla ka theko: ho potlakisa ho iphetola ha pyrethroid ho batho ba nang le malaria.Le hoja matlooa a nang le likokoana-hloko tsa pyrethroid a ntse a ka fana ka tšireletso ea motho ka mong khahlanong le malaria libakeng tseo likokoana-hloko li bonts'ang khanyetso ea pyrethroid [4], liphuputso tsa mohlala li bolela esale pele hore maemong a phahameng a ho hanyetsa, matlooa a nang le likokoanyana a tla fokotsa ts'oaetso ea lefu la seoa [5]..Ka hona, khanyetso ea pyrethroid ke e 'ngoe ea litšokelo tse kholo ho nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea taolo ea malaria.
Lilemong tse ’maloa tse fetileng, ho entsoe moloko o mocha oa matlooa a hloekisitsoeng ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, a kopanyang pyrethroids le k’hemik’hale ea bobeli, ho ntlafatsa taolo ea malaria e fetisoang ke menoang e manganga pyrethroid.Sehlopha sa pele se secha sa ITN se na le synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), e matlafatsang pyrethroids ka ho fokotsa li-enzyme tse senyang tse amanang le ho hanyetsa pyrethroid, haholo-holo katleho ea cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) [6].Marang-rang a tšoaroang ka fluprone (CFP), sebolaea-likokoanyana sa azole se nang le mokhoa o mocha oa ts'ebetso o lebisitseng ho phefumoloha ha lisele, le 'ona a sa tsoa fumaneha.Ka mor'a pontšo ea phello e ntlafetseng ea likokoana-hloko litekong tsa lifofane tsa hut [7, 8], letoto la liteko tse laoloang ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang (cRCT) li ile tsa etsoa ho hlahloba melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba matlooa ana ha e bapisoa le matlooa a phekoloang ka likokoanyana tse sebelisang pyrethroids feela le ho fana ka bopaki bo hlokahalang ho tsebisa likhothaletso tsa pholisi ho tsoa ho Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) [9].Ho ipapisitsoe le bopaki ba phello e ntlafetseng ea lefu la seoa ho tsoa ho CRCTs ea Uganda [11] le Tanzania [12], WHO e khothalelitse libethe tse nang le chefo ea pyrethroid-PBO [10].The pyrethroid-CFP ITN e boetse e phatlalalitsoe morao tjena ka mor'a RCTs e tšoanang Benin [13] le Tanzania [14] e bontšitse hore prototype ITN (Interceptor® G2) e fokolitse liketsahalo tsa malaria bongoaneng ka 46% le 44%, ka ho latellana.10].].
Ka mor'a boiteko bo nchafalitsoeng ba Global Fund le bafani ba bang ba ka sehloohong ba malaria ho sebetsana le ho hanyetsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka ho potlakisa ho kenngoa ha matlooa a macha [15], marang-rang a pyrethroid-PBO le pyrethroid-CFP a se a ntse a sebelisoa libakeng tse sa tloaelehang.E nkela chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana sebakeng sa setso.matlooa a alafiloeng a sebelisang li-pyrethroids feela.Pakeng tsa 2019 le 2022, karolo ea nete ea menoang ea PBO pyrethroid e fuoang Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara e eketsehile ho tloha ho 8% ho ea ho 51% [1], ha PBO pyrethroid nets, ho kenyeletsoa CFP pyrethroid squito nets, "liketso tse peli" li lebelletsoe ho thibela menoang. e ikarabella bakeng sa 56% ea thepa e romelloang.Kena 'marakeng oa Afrika ka 2025[16].E le bopaki ba katleho ea linete tsa menoang tsa pyrethroid-PBO le pyrethroid-CFP li ntse li tsoela pele ho hola, matlooa ana ho lebelletsoe hore a tla fumaneha haholo lilemong tse tlang.Kahoo, ho na le tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea ho tlatsa likheo tsa tlhahisoleseding mabapi le tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea matlooa a hloekisitsoeng ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho finyella phello e phahameng ha e phahamisoa hore e sebelisoe ka botlalo.
Ha ho nahanoa ka keketseho e tšoanang ea pyrethroid CFP le pyrethroid PBO mosquito Net, Lenaneo la Naha la Taolo ea Malaria (NMCP) le na le potso e le 'ngoe ea ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso: Na katleho ea lona e tla fokotseha - PBO ITN?Lebaka la ho ameha hona ke hore PBO e sebetsa ka ho thibela menoang ea P450 enzymes [6], athe CFP ke proinsecticide e hlokang ts'ebetso ka P450s [17].Ka hona, ho nahanoa hore ha pyrethroid-CFP ITN le pyrethroid-CFP ITN li sebelisoa lapeng le le leng, phello ea ho thibela PBO ho P450 e ka fokotsa katleho ea pyrethroid-CFP ITN.Liphuputso tse 'maloa tsa laboratori li bontšitse hore ho pepeseha pele ho PBO ho fokotsa chefo e matla ea CFP ho li-vectors tsa menoang ka li-bioassays tse tobileng [18,19,20,21,22].Leha ho le joalo, ha ho etsoa lithuto pakeng tsa marang-rang a fapaneng tšimong, litšebelisano pakeng tsa lik'hemik'hale tsena li tla ba thata haholoanyane.Liphuputso tse sa phatlalatsoang li hlahlobile litlamorao tsa ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea matlooa a hloekisitsoeng ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana hammoho.Kahoo, liphuputso tsa masimong tse hlahlobang phello ea ho sebelisa motsoako oa li-pyrethroid-CFP le pyrethroid-PBO bethe malapeng a le mong li tla thusa ho tseba hore na ho hanyetsana ho ka bang teng pakeng tsa mefuta ena ea matlooa ho baka bothata ba ts'ebetso le ho thusa ho tseba mokhoa o motle oa ho tsamaisoa. .bakeng sa libaka tsa eona tse ajoang ka ho lekana.
Nako ea poso: Sep-21-2023